Larese F, Fiorito A
Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Italy.
Ergonomics. 1994 Jul;37(7):1205-11. doi: 10.1080/00140139408964898.
Nursing staff members of a urban general hospital (GH) and a small oncological department (OD) were surveyed to determine the prevalence of occupational related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), the specific disabilities, accidents at work, and working time lost. All subjects had a medical examination to evaluate osteoarthicular disease and selected cases were invited to X-ray examinations. The purpose of this study was to compare MSDs in the two groups of nurses working in two hospitals with different work organization in the same geographical area, Pordenone in Italy. In the previous year 48% GH and 33% OD nurses reported back pain due to work, 29.4 and 16.1% respectively have had X-ray or orthopaedic examinations, 19.2% and 9.1% had been away from work because of back pain. All these differences are statistically significant. The analysis of musculoskeletal pain sites and working tasks in the two hospital workers shows no differences in distribution. Great difference exists when analysing the numbers of patients assisted by a nurse: 0.57 and 1.27 nurse/patients respectively in GH and OD. Our data indicate a high overall frequency of occupational back pain, similar to other studies in Europe. The comparison between the two hospitals suggests factors associated with the disorder: work tasks and particularly nurses/patients ratio are more important factors than age and length of exposure. Different work distribution, shift organization, a better ratio between nurses and patients, an improvement of equipment provision, and specific nurse-training with application of ergonomic methods could improve work efficiency radically and decrease injury rates.
对一家城市综合医院（GH）和一个小型肿瘤科（OD）的护理人员进行了调查，以确定职业相关肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）的患病率、具体残疾情况、工作事故以及损失的工作时间。所有受试者都接受了医学检查以评估骨关节疾病，部分选定病例被邀请进行X光检查。本研究的目的是比较在意大利波代诺内同一地理区域、工作组织不同的两家医院工作的两组护士的MSD情况。在前一年，48%的GH护士和33333%的OD护士报告有因工作导致的背痛，分别有29.4%和16.1%的护士接受过X光或骨科检查，19.2%和9.1%的护士因背痛而缺勤。所有这些差异均具有统计学意义。对两家医院工作人员肌肉骨骼疼痛部位和工作任务的分析表明，分布上没有差异。在分析护士护理的患者数量时存在很大差异：GH医院和OD医院分别为0.57名护士/患者和1.27名护士/患者。我们的数据表明职业性背痛的总体发生率较高，与欧洲的其他研究相似。两家医院之间的比较表明了与该疾病相关的因素：工作任务，尤其是护士与患者的比例，比年龄和工作年限更重要。不同的工作分配、轮班安排、改善护士与患者的比例、改进设备配备以及应用人体工程学方法进行特定的护士培训，可以从根本上提高工作效率并降低受伤率。
