Gold M S, Redmond D E, Kleber H D
Lancet. 1978 Sep 16;2(8090):599-602. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(78)92823-4.
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial, clonidine eliminated objective signs and subjective symptoms of opiate withdrawal for 240--360 min in eleven addicts in a hospital setting. In an open pilot study of the effects of clonidine on longer-term opiate abstinence and symptoms, the same patients did well while taking clonidine for one week. There was only one documented instance of heroin use, in a patient who did not take clonidine after hospital discharge. 6 weeks or more after the study, four patients were back on reduced doses of methadone, one was on tricyclic antidepressants, and seven were off of all opiates. All eleven patients were doing well. These data suggest that opiate withdrawal is due to increased neuronal activity in areas such as the locus coeruleus which are regulated by both alpha-2 adrenergic and opiate receptors.
在一项双盲、安慰剂对照、交叉试验中，在医院环境下，可乐定消除了11名成瘾者240 - 360分钟的阿片类药物戒断的客观体征和主观症状。在一项关于可乐定对长期阿片类药物戒断及症状影响的开放性初步研究中，同一批患者在服用可乐定一周期间情况良好。仅记录到1例使用海洛因的情况，该患者出院后未服用可乐定。研究6周或更长时间后，4名患者重新服用了减量的美沙酮，1名患者服用三环类抗抑郁药，7名患者停用了所有阿片类药物。所有11名患者情况良好。这些数据表明，阿片类药物戒断是由于蓝斑等区域的神经元活动增加所致，而这些区域受α-2肾上腺素能受体和阿片受体调控。
