Garnier R, Guerault E, Muzard D, Azoyan P, Chaumet-Riffaud A E, Efthymiou M L
Paris Poison Center, Hôpital Fernand-Widal, France.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1994;32(4):391-404. doi: 10.3109/15563659409011040.
Zolpidem is a new short acting hypnotic agent, first launched in France in 1988. Three hundred forty-four cases of intentional acute overdoses are reviewed retrospectively. Patients were predominantly female (70%) in their third or fourth decade. Ingested doses of zolpidem ranged between 10 and 1400 mg (one pack or less in 80%). Half of the patients ingested other substances (psychotropic drugs and alcohol) concomitantly. Signs of intoxication were observed in two thirds of the population but could be attributed to zolpidem in only 105 cases: drowsiness (N = 89) occurred at doses of 140 to 440 mg; coma (N = 4) or respiratory failure (N = 1). Other symptoms were rare (excepted vomiting, N = 7). Of the rare electrocardiographic or biological abnormalities, none appeared to be directly related to zolpidem. Therapy for intoxication was usually limited to supportive measures and/or gastric lavage. Symptoms of intoxication rapidly remitted in 91% of cases. Three percent of patients with multiple drug ingestion recovered despite severe complications during intensive care. Fatalities were reported for 6% but could not be directly linked to zolpidem. Previous published reports are confirmed: zolpidem acute overdose is generally benign and requires no specific therapeutic measures.
唑吡坦是一种新型短效催眠药，于1988年首次在法国上市。回顾性分析了344例急性故意过量服用唑吡坦的病例。患者主要为30或40多岁的女性（占70%）。唑吡坦的服用剂量在10至1400毫克之间（80%的患者服用量为一包或更少）。一半的患者同时摄入了其他物质（精神药物和酒精）。三分之二的患者出现了中毒迹象，但只有105例可归因于唑吡坦：服用140至440毫克时出现嗜睡（N = 89）；昏迷（N = 4）或呼吸衰竭（N = 1）。其他症状很少见（呕吐除外，N = 7）。在罕见的心电图或生物学异常中，没有一项似乎与唑吡坦直接相关。中毒治疗通常仅限于支持性措施和/或洗胃。91%的病例中毒症状迅速缓解。3%的多药摄入患者尽管在重症监护期间出现严重并发症仍康复。报告的死亡率为6%，但无法直接与唑吡坦相关联。先前发表的报告得到证实：唑吡坦急性过量通常是良性的，不需要采取特殊治疗措施。
