Duncan G E, Henson O W
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599.
Neuroscience. 1994 Apr;59(4):1051-70. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90305-0.
Brain activity patterns during echolocation and flight were assessed in mustached bats (Pteronotus parnellii parnellii). Bats were injected intraperitoneally with [3H]2-deoxyglucose and restrained in a foam holder or allowed to fly for 20 min. Under resting conditions, low levels of [3H]2-deoxyglucose uptake were observed throughout the forebrain but relatively high uptake was found in brainstem auditory and vestibular centers. In flying, echolocating bats, marked increases in regional [3H]2-deoxyglucose uptake were apparent. All structures of the classical ascending auditory pathway were intensely labeled in autoradiograms. Other brain regions that exhibited high [3H]2-deoxyglucose uptake in flying bats included the cingulate cortex, stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus, thalamus, caudate-putamen, superior colliculus, pontine reticular formation, nucleus ambiguus, parts of the midbrain central gray, and cerebellum. In the cerebellum, the most prominent increase in [3H]2-deoxyglucose uptake was found in discrete patches of the granule cell layer. The results provide the first overview of brain activity patterns during echolocation and flight in bats. In addition, uptake of [14C]fluorodeoxyglucose was used to compare brain activity patterns in flying bats to bats that were imaging their environment via biosonar while hanging in a wire cage. The echolocating-not-flying bats emitted 6931 +/- 1226 pulses in 20 min compared to 8972 +/- 1273 pulses in 20 min for flying bats. The uptake of the metabolic marker was significantly more in the flying bats compared to the emitting-not-flying bats in the medial geniculate, superior colliculus, auditory cortex, cingulate cortex and thalamus. In the nucleus ambiguus, cochlear nucleus, and inferior colliculus, uptake was similar for the flying and emitting-not-flying bats. These results suggest that the high metabolic activity observed in forebrain auditory regions of flying bats is related in part to neural processes that involve sensory motor integration during flight and not simply the perception of acoustic information.
对髯蝠（Pteronotus parnellii parnellii）在回声定位和飞行过程中的大脑活动模式进行了评估。给蝙蝠腹腔注射[3H]2-脱氧葡萄糖，将其限制在泡沫固定器中或让其飞行20分钟。在静息条件下，整个前脑观察到低水平的[3H]摄取，但在脑干听觉和前庭中枢发现相对较高的摄取。在飞行的回声定位蝙蝠中，区域[3H]2-脱氧葡萄糖摄取明显增加。经典上行听觉通路的所有结构在放射自显影片中都被强烈标记。在飞行蝙蝠中表现出高[3H]2-脱氧葡萄糖摄取的其他脑区包括扣带回皮质、海马的腔隙-分子层、丘脑、尾状核-壳核、上丘、脑桥网状结构、疑核、中脑中央灰质的部分区域和小脑。在小脑中，[3H]2-脱氧葡萄糖摄取最显著的增加出现在颗粒细胞层的离散区域。这些结果首次概述了蝙蝠在回声定位和飞行过程中的大脑活动模式。此外，使用[14C]氟脱氧葡萄糖摄取来比较飞行蝙蝠与通过生物声纳在悬挂于金属丝笼中成像其环境的蝙蝠的大脑活动模式。与飞行蝙蝠在20分钟内发出8972±1273个脉冲相比，不飞行的回声定位蝙蝠在20分钟内发出6931±1226个脉冲。与不飞行的发声蝙蝠相比，飞行蝙蝠在内侧膝状体、上丘、听觉皮层、扣带回皮质和丘脑中代谢标记物的摄取明显更多。在疑核、耳蜗核和下丘中，飞行蝙蝠和不飞行的发声蝙蝠的摄取相似。这些结果表明飞行蝙蝠前脑听觉区域中观察到的高代谢活动部分与飞行过程中涉及感觉运动整合的神经过程有关，而不仅仅是声学信息的感知。
