Battjes R J, Pickens R W, Haverkos H W, Sloboda Z
National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 20857.
AIDS. 1994 May;8(5):681-7. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199405000-00016.
To examine factors associated with HIV infection in injecting drug users (IDU), the independent and interactive effects of potential risk factors, and geographic differences in risk factors.
IDU entering methadone treatment in New York City, Asbury Park and Trenton in New Jersey, Baltimore and Chicago between February 1987 and December 1991 were interviewed using a standard questionnaire and tested for HIV antibodies (n = 4584). Associations of HIV serostatus with race/ethnicity, other demographic characteristics, and injecting and sexual risk behaviors were assessed by logistic regression analyses.
African Americans were at increased risk for HIV in four of the five cities, and Puerto Ricans in two cities. Injection in shooting galleries and 'speedball' injection emerged as behavioral variables highly associated with HIV, although interaction of these variables indicates that each variable contributes to HIV risk only in the absence of the other behavior.
Geographic differences in HIV risk factors and the interaction of 'speedball' and shooting gallery use suggest that multiple HIV risk models are needed that reflect seroprevalence rates, variation in risk behaviors, and the social context of risk behaviors. Increased risk among racial/ethnic minorities independent of risk behaviors, suggests the need to examine further potential social and environmental factors, such as the social networks in which injecting and sexual behaviors occur, HIV seroprevalence within these networks, and the locales in which risk behaviors occur.
研究注射吸毒者（IDU）中与艾滋病毒感染相关的因素、潜在危险因素的独立及交互作用，以及危险因素的地域差异。
1987年2月至1991年12月期间，在纽约市、新泽西州的阿斯伯里帕克和特伦顿、巴尔的摩和芝加哥进入美沙酮治疗项目的注射吸毒者接受了标准问卷调查，并进行了艾滋病毒抗体检测（n = 4584）。通过逻辑回归分析评估艾滋病毒血清状态与种族/民族、其他人口统计学特征以及注射和性行为风险行为之间的关联。
在五个城市中的四个城市，非裔美国人感染艾滋病毒的风险增加，在两个城市中波多黎各人感染风险增加。在射击馆注射和“速球”注射成为与艾滋病毒高度相关的行为变量，尽管这些变量的相互作用表明，只有在不存在其他行为的情况下，每个变量才会增加感染艾滋病毒的风险。
艾滋病毒危险因素的地域差异以及“速球”注射和射击馆使用之间的相互作用表明，需要多种反映血清流行率、风险行为差异以及风险行为社会背景的艾滋病毒风险模型。种族/少数民族在不考虑风险行为的情况下感染风险增加，这表明有必要进一步研究潜在的社会和环境因素，例如发生注射和性行为的社会网络、这些网络中的艾滋病毒血清流行率以及发生风险行为的场所。
