Figueroa Damián R
Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, México, D.F.
Ginecol Obstet Mex. 1994 Jul;62:211-6.
In light of the increasing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in women, the role of the obstetricians-gynecologists in the management of the HIV seropositive patients should increase, for these reasons is needed to improve their knowledge about HIV infection. The perinatal transmission are the principal route of infection in children, prospective studies have informed a maternal-fetal transmission rate between 25 to 35%. HIV may be transmitted to an infant via the placenta. Caesarean delivery appears to play little o no role in preventing neonatal disease. Diverse studies suggest that rates of perinatal transmission may be increased in women with CD4 counts of less than 400/mm3, and in women in the later stages of illness. Pregnant women whose CD4 counts are less than 500/mm3 should receive zidovudine, preferably beyond the first trimester. All the health care workers must rigorously follow the recommendations for minimizing the risk of occupational transmission of HIV.
鉴于感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的女性人数不断增加，妇产科医生在管理HIV血清阳性患者方面的作用应得到加强，因此有必要提高他们对HIV感染的认识。围产期传播是儿童感染的主要途径，前瞻性研究表明母婴传播率在25%至35%之间。HIV可通过胎盘传播给婴儿。剖宫产在预防新生儿疾病方面似乎作用不大或没有作用。各种研究表明，CD4细胞计数低于400/mm³的女性以及疾病晚期的女性围产期传播率可能会增加。CD4细胞计数低于500/mm³的孕妇应接受齐多夫定治疗，最好在孕早期之后。所有医护人员必须严格遵循将HIV职业传播风险降至最低的建议。
