Glass J, Fujimoto T
Department of Sociology, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556.
J Health Soc Behav. 1994 Jun;35(2):179-91.
The National Survey of Households and Families was used to test competing explanations of how the distribution of housework and paid work among couples affects depressive symptomatology. Considerations of equity predict that the fair distribution of labor across spouses will alleviate depression, while role theory predicts that the performance of multiple, engaging roles will inhibit depression, irrespective of equity across spouses. Results confirm that paid employment is associated with reduced depression among both husbands and wives until work hours exceed an upper threshold. However, time spent in housework is universally associated with increased depression, no matter what other role constellations exist. Little evidence supports the notion that equity in the division of labor (either paid or unpaid) inhibits depression, but perceptions of equity are significantly associated with lower levels of depression. In particular, husbands are strongly affected by perceived equity in the performance of paid work, while wives are strongly affected by perceived equity in the performance of housework.
全国家庭调查被用于检验关于夫妻间家务劳动和有偿工作的分配如何影响抑郁症状的多种相互竞争的解释。公平性考量预测，配偶间劳动的公平分配将减轻抑郁，而角色理论预测，承担多个引人关注的角色会抑制抑郁，无论配偶间是否公平。结果证实，在工作时长超过上限之前，有偿工作与丈夫和妻子的抑郁减轻均有关联。然而，无论存在何种其他角色组合，花在家务上的时间普遍与抑郁增加有关。几乎没有证据支持劳动分工（无论是有偿还是无偿）中的公平会抑制抑郁这一观点，但对公平的认知与较低的抑郁水平显著相关。特别是，丈夫受有偿工作表现中感知到的公平影响很大，而妻子受家务劳动表现中感知到的公平影响很大。
