Kuebli J, Fivush R
Emory University.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1994 Aug;58(1):25-45. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1994.1024.
In this study, we compared children's recall for alternative event components in both spontaneous and probed recall conditions. At four separate sessions, 4- and 7-year-old children repeatedly participated in the same two activities. Individual components of these activities varied across sessions, with alternatives introduced either (a) at every session or (b) at the third session only. At a fifth session, spontaneous event reports were elicited first, followed by probed recall for alternative event components. Not surprisingly, children in both age groups recalled more variable elements when probed than they did spontaneously. But probing facilitated older children's recall for alternatives to a greater extent than younger children's recall. Further, when directly probed, all children recalled components that always changed better than components that changed only once. These results provide additional evidence that the complexity of children's event representations increases with age, whereas the variable structure of recurring events may have similar effects across age.
在本研究中，我们比较了儿童在自发回忆和提示回忆条件下对替代事件成分的回忆情况。在四个不同的时段，4岁和7岁的儿童反复参与相同的两项活动。这些活动的各个成分在不同时段有所变化，替代成分的引入方式有两种：(a) 在每个时段引入；(b) 仅在第三个时段引入。在第五个时段，首先引出儿童对事件的自发报告，随后对替代事件成分进行提示回忆。不出所料，两个年龄组的儿童在接受提示时比自发回忆时能回忆起更多可变元素。但是，提示对年龄较大儿童回忆替代成分的促进作用比对年龄较小儿童的促进作用更大。此外，当直接接受提示时，所有儿童对总是变化的成分的回忆都比对只变化一次的成分的回忆更好。这些结果提供了额外的证据，表明儿童事件表征的复杂性随年龄增长而增加，而反复出现的事件的可变结构在不同年龄可能有类似的影响。
