Urayama O
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine.
Rinsho Byori. 1994 Jul;42(7):695-9.
To plan a strategy for DNA-based diagnosis of gastric cancer, which is still one of the major causes of death in Akita Prefecture, I reviewed recent studies on genomic instability and genetic changes in gastric cancers. Complex chromosome changes, pathohistology-dependent activation of some proto-oncogenes and -independent inactivation of tumor suppressor genes have been found, which suggests that gastric carcinogenesis is caused by the accumulation of multiple genetic changes in stomach cells. Although the primary change in the carcinogenesis is still unknown, the loss of the 13 locus on the short arm of chromosome 17 or the mutation of the p53 gene, or both, may be essential, since the change occurs frequently in gastric cancer as well as in other various cancers. The approach to DNA-based diagnosis of gastric cancer should be made at three size levels of human genome, chromosome banding (2 x 10(6) bp-), linkage analysis (10(4)-2 x 10(6) bp) and DNA (-10(4) bp) levels.
秋田县的主要死因之一仍是胃癌，为制定基于DNA的胃癌诊断策略，我回顾了近期关于胃癌基因组不稳定性和基因变化的研究。已发现复杂的染色体变化、某些原癌基因的病理组织学依赖性激活以及肿瘤抑制基因的非依赖性失活，这表明胃癌的发生是由胃细胞中多种基因变化的积累所致。虽然致癌作用的初始变化尚不清楚，但17号染色体短臂上13位点的缺失或p53基因的突变，或两者兼而有之，可能至关重要，因为这种变化在胃癌以及其他多种癌症中经常出现。基于DNA的胃癌诊断方法应在人类基因组的三个大小层面进行，即染色体显带（2×10⁶bp -）、连锁分析（10⁴ - 2×10⁶bp）和DNA（-10⁴bp）层面。
