Barbour R S
MRC Medical Sociology Unit, Glasgow, Scotland.
Soc Sci Med. 1994 Jul;39(2):221-32. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90331-x.
This review describes and discusses research on the experiences of professionals and volunteers who work face-to-face with people with HIV/AIDS. Although there is a rapidly growing body of research which examines the attitudes and experiences of staff involved in HIV/AIDS service provision, this work has, as yet, failed to produce a comprehensive picture of the ways in which the demands of HIV/AIDS-related work differ from those of other fields of work. Because studies have differed considerably, both in terms of focus and methods, few systematic comparisons between the experiences of different professional groups have been made. Research must have a comparative focus if we are to begin to distinguish those demands which are unique to HIV/AIDS from those to which satisfactory responses may have already been developed in parallel fields of work. Much of the work to date has assumed that the demands inherent in AIDS work are self-evident, but has failed to contextualize AIDS work in relation to other fields of service provision, the personal circumstances and career paths of workers, and the organizational structure within which work takes place. The studies have provided very little information about the process of adaptation to AIDS work and the rewards which may offset some of the stresses and demands of the work. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the research which has been carried out in relation to workers in different locations responding to different epidemic patterns and demands on services. It also attempts to contextualize the demands of HIV/AIDS-related work by comparing the demands and responses reported with regard to other types of work and makes recommendations for future research.
本综述描述并讨论了针对与艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者面对面接触的专业人员和志愿者经历的研究。尽管有越来越多的研究在审视参与艾滋病毒/艾滋病服务提供的工作人员的态度和经历，但这项工作尚未全面呈现出与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关工作的需求与其他工作领域的需求存在差异的方式。由于各项研究在重点和方法上差异很大，很少对不同专业群体的经历进行系统比较。如果我们要开始区分艾滋病毒/艾滋病特有的需求与在其他平行工作领域可能已经有了令人满意应对措施的需求，研究就必须有比较的重点。迄今为止的许多工作都假定艾滋病工作中固有的需求是不言而喻的，但未能将艾滋病工作与其他服务提供领域、工作人员的个人情况和职业道路以及工作所在的组织结构联系起来进行背景分析。这些研究几乎没有提供关于适应艾滋病工作的过程以及可能抵消工作中的一些压力和需求的回报的信息。本综述试图全面概述针对不同地点应对不同疫情模式和服务需求的工作人员所开展的研究。它还试图通过比较所报告的与其他类型工作相关的需求和应对措施，将与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关工作的需求置于背景之中，并为未来研究提出建议。
