Lewis P F
Aust Vet J. 1994 May;71(5):136-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1994.tb03366.x.
The myotoxicity and neurotoxicity of common tiger snake (Notechis scutatus) venom are major factors in the pathogenesis of envenomation in the dog. Histological examination of the tissues of experimentally envenomed dogs has demonstrated the importance of muscle damage in affecting the clinical syndrome of tiger snake envenomation. Within one hour of injection of the venom into dogs, there was selective involvement of some muscles. Cardiac and smooth muscles were not significantly affected. The severity of myofibre damage was influenced by the amount of venom injected. Immobilisation under general anaesthesia resulted in significant protection against the myotoxic effects of high doses of venom. Lesions in the kidneys of experimentally envenomed dogs were acute tubular necrosis and the variable presence of a small amount of proteinaceous material in tubules. These lesions, which were similar to those in cases of natural snake bite, were indicative of a direct nephrotoxic effect, which could be complicated by the effects of myoglobinuria. These findings emphasise the need for supportive treatment aimed at maintenance of renal function in the treatment of dogs suffering from tiger snake envenomation.
普通虎蛇（盾鼻蛇属）毒液的肌毒性和神经毒性是犬类中毒发病机制的主要因素。对实验中毒犬的组织进行组织学检查，已证明肌肉损伤在影响虎蛇中毒临床综合征方面的重要性。在给犬注射毒液后一小时内，部分肌肉出现选择性受累。心肌和平滑肌未受到明显影响。肌纤维损伤的严重程度受毒液注射量的影响。全身麻醉下的固定可显著预防高剂量毒液的肌毒性作用。实验中毒犬的肾脏病变为急性肾小管坏死，肾小管中可变地存在少量蛋白质物质。这些病变与自然蛇咬伤病例中的病变相似，表明存在直接肾毒性作用，可能因肌红蛋白尿的影响而复杂化。这些发现强调了在治疗虎蛇中毒犬时，需要采取旨在维持肾功能的支持性治疗措施。
