Müller H J
Department of Psychology, Birkbeck College (University of London), U.K.
Can J Exp Psychol. 1994 Jun;48(2):218-41. doi: 10.1037/1196-1961.48.2.218.
Two response bias parameters were examined in a spatial (peripheral) cueing paradigm: (i) "cued location bias": the relative probability with which a signal is incorrectly assigned to the cued location; and (ii) "likelihood ratio (beta)": the amount of evidence required to decide that a signal appeared at a particular, cued or uncued, location. The two parameters were found to be differentially sensitive to the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between peripheral cue and target. Cued location bias was strongly affected by SOA, decreasing within 300 ms after peripheral cue onset. In contrast, the difference in beta between cued and uncued locations (cued < uncued) was independent of SOA. This suggests that cued location bias reflects strong but transitory pathway pre-activation following a peripheral cue, consistent with accounts of response bias effects in terms of relatively "early" processes of stimulus coding (e.g., Hawkins, Shafto, & Richardson, 1988; Shulman & Posner, 1988). In contrast, beta effects predominantly reflect "late" decision making processes that differentially weight the sensory evidence from cued and uncued locations according to their a-priori signal probabilities (e.g., Müller & Findlay, 1987; Shaw, 1982).
在空间（外周）线索范式中研究了两个反应偏差参数：（i）“线索位置偏差”：信号被错误地分配到线索位置的相对概率；以及（ii）“似然比（β）”：判定信号出现在特定的、线索化或未线索化的位置所需的证据量。发现这两个参数对外周线索与目标之间的刺激开始异步性（SOA）具有不同的敏感性。线索位置偏差受SOA的强烈影响，在外周线索开始后300毫秒内降低。相比之下，线索化位置与未线索化位置之间的β差异（线索化 < 未线索化）与SOA无关。这表明线索位置偏差反映了外周线索后强烈但短暂的通路预激活，这与根据相对“早期”的刺激编码过程（例如，Hawkins、Shafto和Richardson，1988；Shulman和Posner，1988）对反应偏差效应的解释一致。相比之下，β效应主要反映“晚期”决策过程，该过程根据线索化和未线索化位置的先验信号概率对来自这些位置的感觉证据进行不同加权（例如，Müller和Findlay，1987；Shaw，1982）。
