Petersen S E, Corbetta M, Miezin F M, Shulman G L
Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
Can J Exp Psychol. 1994 Jun;48(2):319-38. doi: 10.1037/1196-1961.48.2.319.
Five experiments are described that concern the mechanisms that direct attention to spatial and non-spatial features of a stimulus and the effects that attention has on the visual system's analysis of that stimulus. Shifts of attention from one spatial location to another activated the superior parietal lobe and this activation was fairly independent of the task performed on the attended object, the response made to the attended object, and whether the shift of attention was controlled endogenously or exogenously. Maintaining attention tonically on a location or a particular visual feature such as shape, colour or motion did not produce a superior parietal response. Tonic attention to a feature (colour, shape, motion) or location, however, did produce enhancements in the response of various regions that are probably specialized for processing the attended visual feature. The activation of superior parietal cortex during shifts of spatial attention as well as the activation of parietal-occipital cortex when attention is tonically maintained on a location suggest that the parietal cortex plays an important role in spatial computations.
本文描述了五项实验，这些实验涉及引导注意力指向刺激的空间和非空间特征的机制，以及注意力对视觉系统对该刺激的分析所产生的影响。注意力从一个空间位置转移到另一个空间位置会激活顶上叶，并且这种激活相当独立于对被关注对象执行的任务、对被关注对象做出的反应，以及注意力转移是由内源性还是外源性控制。持续将注意力集中在一个位置或特定的视觉特征（如形状、颜色或运动）上不会产生顶上叶反应。然而，对一个特征（颜色、形状、运动）或位置的持续注意力确实会增强可能专门用于处理被关注视觉特征的各个区域的反应。空间注意力转移期间顶上叶皮层的激活，以及当注意力持续集中在一个位置时顶枕叶皮层的激活表明，顶叶皮层在空间计算中起着重要作用。
