Achterberg C, McDonnell E, Bagby R
Penn State Nutrition Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1994 Sep;94(9):1030-5. doi: 10.1016/0002-8223(94)92198-9.
The Food Guide Pyramid represents changes and challenges for nutrition educators. Nutrition educators will have to change the focus, content, and teaching expectations for lessons. Use of the Pyramid will also require changes in the way the concepts of good nutrition are related to different audiences. In contrast to previous food guides, which represented a foundation diet, the Food Guide Pyramid represents the total diet, addressing overnutrition as well as undernutrition. The Food Guide Pyramid is a graphic representation of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and illustrates the key concepts of variety, moderation, and proportionality. For practitioners, one challenge is to find ways to effectively use the Food Guide Pyramid to teach clients how to put the Dietary Guidelines into action. Another challenge involves designing materials that adapt the messages of the Food Guide Pyramid to a variety of audiences. Teaching materials and instructions should emphasize the key concepts of the Food Guide Pyramid and should be clear, consistent, motivational, and culturally sensitive. Few educational materials are available to help practitioners with these challenges. In this article we outline the key changes that the Food Guide Pyramid embodies, and provide ideas and suggestions for using the Pyramid in a practice setting.
食物指南金字塔给营养教育工作者带来了变化和挑战。营养教育工作者将不得不改变课程的重点、内容和教学期望。使用金字塔还需要改变良好营养概念与不同受众的关联方式。与之前代表基础饮食的食物指南不同，食物指南金字塔代表了总体饮食，既涉及营养过剩问题，也涉及营养不足问题。食物指南金字塔是《美国膳食指南》的图形化展示，阐明了多样化、适度和均衡的关键概念。对于从业者而言，一项挑战是找到有效利用食物指南金字塔来教导客户如何将膳食指南付诸实践的方法。另一项挑战涉及设计能使食物指南金字塔的信息适用于各类受众的材料。教材和说明应强调食物指南金字塔的关键概念，并且应清晰、连贯、具有激励性且对文化敏感。几乎没有可用的教育材料来帮助从业者应对这些挑战。在本文中，我们概述了食物指南金字塔所体现的关键变化，并提供了在实践环境中使用该金字塔的思路和建议。
