Baldasseroni A, Frosini R, Tartaglia R, Carnevale F
Servizio di Prevenzione, Igiene e Sicurezza nei Luoghi di Lavoro G. Pieraccini, USL 10/D Firenze.
Med Lav. 1994 Mar-Apr;85(2):99-106.
The wide-spread use of video display units in many work places has led to an increase in ophthalmologic examinations of the operators. For this reason, instruments for visual test screening (for example Visotest) have become widely used. Nevertheless, the literature does not seem to offer any clarification about the utility of these instruments as epidemiological tools. The costs and benefits of visual screening programmes were estimated in relation to specific visual deficit prevalence in a differently age-structured population. Via epidemiological calculation, it was demonstrated that positive and negative predictive values, which are directly related to deficit prevalence, are more important than sensitivity and specificity calculations. In view of the disorders screened, a visual test with a low positive predictive value is more expensive than one with a low negative predictive value. A visual test for visual deficits screening does not appear to be advisable in young populations, where the true positives/false positives ratio is 1:4, whereas in older populations the ratio is 2:1.
视频显示单元在许多工作场所的广泛使用导致了对操作人员眼科检查的增加。因此，视觉测试筛查仪器（如Visotest）已被广泛使用。然而，文献似乎并未对这些仪器作为流行病学工具的效用作出任何阐释。根据不同年龄结构人群中特定视力缺陷患病率，对视力筛查项目的成本和效益进行了估算。通过流行病学计算表明，与缺陷患病率直接相关的阳性和阴性预测值比敏感度和特异度计算更为重要。鉴于所筛查的病症，阳性预测值低的视觉测试比阴性预测值低的视觉测试成本更高。对于视力缺陷筛查的视觉测试，在真正阳性/假阳性比率为1:4的年轻人群中似乎不可取，而在老年人群中该比率为2:1。
