Goenjian A
Psychiatric Outreach Programme, Armenian Relief Society of the Western United States.
Br J Psychiatry. 1993 Aug;163:230-9. doi: 10.1192/bjp.163.2.230.
An international mental health relief programme for children and adults was implemented in Soviet Armenia after the 7 December 1988 Spitak earthquake. This paper presents: (a) the steps considered essential in the selection, preparation and support of mental health workers for the relief work; (b) a method which facilitated the screening and treating of large numbers of students in their classrooms; (c) the rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (74%) and major depressive disorder (22%) of 582 victims clinically evaluated before entering treatment three to six months after the earthquake; (d) clinical observations of significant psychological problems that may be overlooked in brief crisis-orientated psychotherapy; (e) multiple severe post-earthquake adversities (such as the collapse of the social network, the recurrence of after-shocks, the delay of reconstruction and the ongoing political turmoil) which contributed to the psychological problems of the victims and delayed their recovery; (f) the extension of the outreach programme beyond its traditional therapeutic role to an advisory one to other relief organisations.
1988年12月7日斯皮塔克地震后，苏联亚美尼亚实施了一项针对儿童和成人的国际心理健康救援计划。本文介绍了：(a) 在为救援工作挑选、培训和支持心理健康工作者方面被认为至关重要的步骤；(b) 一种便于在教室中对大量学生进行筛查和治疗的方法；(c) 对地震发生三至六个月后在接受治疗前进行临床评估的582名受害者的创伤后应激障碍发病率（74%）和重度抑郁症发病率（22%）；(d) 对在以危机为导向的简短心理治疗中可能被忽视的重大心理问题的临床观察；(e) 多重严重的地震后逆境（如社会网络的崩溃、余震的再次发生、重建的延迟以及持续的政治动荡），这些导致了受害者的心理问题并延缓了他们的康复；(f) 将外展计划从其传统的治疗角色扩展为向其他救援组织提供咨询的角色。
