Angela Lo Huei-Wen, Su Chao-Yueh, Chou Frank Huang-Chih
Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Department of Nursing, I-Shiou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
J Exp Clin Med. 2012 Apr;4(2):77-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jecm.2012.01.005. Epub 2012 Feb 22.
Natural disasters have caused millions of deaths worldwide, and hundreds of millions of people have suffered from various types of physical or mental traumas. Disasters change patterns of thinking and the concept of security among members of a community, which highlights the importance of mental rehabilitation in disaster psychiatry. Mental rehabilitation is not only a short-term intervention, but also involves long-term follow-up and referral of cases to regular psychiatric management. We used PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) to search for papers related to the Chi-Chi Earthquake and the Morakot Typhoon published between January 2001 and November 2011. We found that 33 articles are involved in seven topics. The most common disaster-related psychiatric diagnoses were major depressive episodes and posttraumatic stress disorder. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder ranged from 8.0% to 34.3% in Taiwan after the 1999 Earthquake. However, lifetime and current prevalence for psychiatric disorders ranged from 1% to 74%, affecting women twice more than men. Because disasters are becoming increasingly common, it is vital to train a sufficient number of specialists with guidelines for standard clinical treatment, and to create a standard operating procedure for reducing traumatic conditions.
自然灾害已在全球造成数百万人死亡，数亿人遭受各种身心创伤。灾难改变了社区成员的思维模式和安全观念，这凸显了心理康复在灾难精神病学中的重要性。心理康复不仅是一种短期干预，还涉及长期随访以及将病例转介至常规精神科管理。我们使用PubMed（http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed）搜索了2001年1月至2011年11月期间发表的与集集地震和莫拉克台风相关的论文。我们发现33篇文章涉及七个主题。最常见的与灾难相关的精神科诊断是重度抑郁发作和创伤后应激障碍。1999年地震后，台湾创伤后应激障碍的患病率在8.0%至34.3%之间。然而，精神障碍的终生患病率和当前患病率在1%至74%之间，女性受影响的人数是男性的两倍。由于灾难日益常见，培训足够数量的遵循标准临床治疗指南的专家，并制定减少创伤状况的标准操作程序至关重要。
