de la Gándara Martín J J, de Dios Francos A, de Diego Herrero E, Goñi Labat A I, Hernández Herrero H, Pozo de Castro J V
Sección de psiquiatría, Hospital General Yagüe, Burgos.
Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr Cienc Afines. 1994 Mar-Apr;22(2):71-6.
"Burn-out" is a kind of assistential laboral stress which affects the professions which involve an interpersonal relationship with beneficiaries of the job, such us health workers. It originates emotional alterations which lead to feelings of emptiness and personal failure or laboral inability. The revisions about studies of mental disorders in health workers fall upon such laboral stress and remark that in such professional people there is a bigger prevalence of disorders because of the use of substances and of depression. To analyse the mental disorders in health workers by means of the retrospective study of a sample in a general hospital which asked for a psychiatric consultation, sociodemographic variables, clinico-diagnostic and variables related to laboral activity were analysed. The sample is constituted by 112 patients of an average age of forty years old and preferentially females (79.5%). In the sample, some professions are represented above all expectations; they are nurses, physicians, the laboral category of "boss and managers" and the laboral regimen of "permanents". The more frequent psychiatric disorders were the adjustment disorders and code V, the affective disorders and the anxiety disorders (23-33%), the disorders caused by the use of substances and the psychotic disorders are limited (5%). The laboral activity was considered an important factor in 43% of the cases and the mental disorder caused laboral inability, transitory or permanent in half of the patients. It is detected a relationship between the diagnostic and variables such as sex, laboral category, laboral inability, psychosocial stress level and GAF and there hasn't been detected any association between mental disorders and age, profession, laboral regimen and laboral stress.
“职业倦怠”是一种辅助性工作压力，影响着那些与工作受益者存在人际关系的职业，比如医护人员。它会引发情绪变化，导致空虚感以及个人失败感或工作无能感。有关医护人员精神障碍研究的综述关注到了这种工作压力，并指出这类职业人群中因物质使用和抑郁症导致的精神障碍患病率更高。通过对一家综合医院中寻求精神科会诊的样本进行回顾性研究，分析了医护人员的精神障碍，包括社会人口统计学变量、临床诊断以及与工作活动相关的变量。该样本由112名患者组成，平均年龄为40岁，且以女性为主（79.5%）。在样本中，某些职业的占比高于预期；它们是护士、医生、“老板和经理”职业类别以及“长期工”工作模式。较为常见的精神障碍是适应障碍和第五类编码障碍、情感障碍和焦虑障碍（23% - 33%），因物质使用导致的障碍以及精神障碍较为有限（5%）。在43%的病例中，工作活动被视为一个重要因素，并且精神障碍导致一半患者出现暂时或永久性的工作无能。研究发现诊断与性别、职业类别、工作无能、心理社会压力水平和总体功能评估等变量之间存在关联，而未发现精神障碍与年龄、职业、工作模式和工作压力之间存在任何关联。
