Monheit M A, Johnston J C
Department of Psychology, Stanford University.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1994 Aug;20(4):691-708. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.20.4.691.
Encoding briefly displayed arrays of multidimensional objects appears to require selective attention, but this hypothesis is challenged by M. J. Nissen's (1985) finding that properties of an object are reported independently. Selective attention to some objects but not others should produce positive dependence. Theoretical analysis shows that deviations from independence would have been difficult to observe in Nissen's data because of high guessing rates and small sample sizes. Four new experiments showing strong positive dependence in property reports are described. Deviations from independence were highly significant for most Ss. Quantitative modeling shows that selective attention to subsets of objects would produce about the amount of dependence obtained. Rather than challenging attention theories, the amount of dependence in encoding multidimensional objects is consistent with selective attention to either objects or locations.
对多维物体的简短显示阵列进行编码似乎需要选择性注意，但这一假设受到了M. J. 尼森（1985）研究结果的挑战，其发现物体的属性是被独立报告的。对某些物体而非其他物体的选择性注意应该会产生正相关。理论分析表明，由于猜测率高和样本量小，在尼森的数据中很难观察到与独立性的偏差。文中描述了四个新的实验，这些实验表明在属性报告中存在很强的正相关。对于大多数被试来说，与独立性的偏差非常显著。定量建模表明，对物体子集的选择性注意会产生与所获得的相关量大致相同的结果。对多维物体进行编码时的相关量并非对注意理论构成挑战，而是与对物体或位置的选择性注意相一致。
