Environmental control of allergens.

Allergy therapy properly consists of three possible treatment methods that can be used singly or in combination: environmental control (avoidance), pharmacotherapy, and immunotherapy. What allergens are effectively treated by environmental control? There are several broad groups of allergens with which we are concerned: indoor allergens such as dust, animal dander, molds (indoor), and cockroach; and outdoor allergens such as trees, grasses, weeds, and molds (outdoor); and, lastly, foods. The largest body of work has been collected regarding the effectiveness of indoor allergens, especially dust mites and cat. Scientifically proven measures exist for dust mites, cats, and infant formulas. Practical advice for controlling the environment for other furred animals, cockroaches, molds, and pollens are summarized. More research on effective avoidance measures for these other allergens is needed to help our patients control their environment effectively.