Byrne G J, Raphael B
Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.
Psychol Med. 1994 May;24(2):411-21. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700027380.
A three-phase longitudinal design was used to study bereavement phenomena in a cohort (N = 78) of recently widowed elderly Australian men. One group of 57 widowers was compared with a second group of 21 widowers on a waiting list. A brief, interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire was used to rate the frequency of 22 self-reported bereavement phenomena. The prevalence and temporal evolution of these phenomena are described. Half of a subgroup of elderly widowers reporting high levels of bereavement phenomena at 6 weeks post-bereavement went on to exhibit persistent or chronic grief at 13 months post-bereavement. The prevalence of persistent or chronic grief throughout the first 13 months post-bereavement was 8.8%. Income, education and expectedness of the death were all negatively correlated with frequency of self-reported bereavement phenomena at 6 weeks post-bereavement. In a multiple regression analysis only expectedness of the death contributed significantly to prediction of the frequency of bereavement phenomena at 6 weeks post-bereavement. Widowers who were unable to anticipate their wife's death, even when their wife had suffered a long final illness, had a more severe bereavement reaction.
采用三相纵向设计，对一组（N = 78）近期丧偶的澳大利亚老年男性的丧亲现象进行研究。将一组57名鳏夫与另一组21名在候补名单上的鳏夫进行比较。使用一份简短的、由访谈者管理的结构化问卷，对22种自我报告的丧亲现象的发生频率进行评分。描述了这些现象的发生率和时间演变。在丧亲后6周报告丧亲现象水平较高的老年鳏夫亚组中，有一半在丧亲后13个月出现了持续或慢性悲伤。丧亲后前13个月持续或慢性悲伤的发生率为8.8%。收入、教育程度和死亡的预期性均与丧亲后6周自我报告的丧亲现象发生频率呈负相关。在多元回归分析中，只有死亡的预期性对丧亲后6周丧亲现象发生频率的预测有显著贡献。即使妻子患有长期的终末期疾病，但无法预料到妻子死亡的鳏夫，丧亲反应更为严重。
