Wang A Y
Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816.
Adolescence. 1994 Summer;29(114):279-91.
This study compared gang versus nongang high school students along measures of self-esteem, racial attitudes, and their self-professed role models. A total of 78 Caucasian (65 nongang and 13 gang members) and 77 African-American students (41 nongang and 36 gang members) participated. Results indicated that gang members had significantly lower levels of self-esteem compared to their nongang peers. All students, regardless of ethnicity, manifested negative racial stereotyping toward racial outgroups; gang members were not more racially prejudiced compared to other students. The role model data revealed that overall, gang members could name fewer role models than did their nongang peers. African-American students who were not gang members were much more likely to mention a parent or teacher as a role model. A regression analysis indicated that the absence of parental or teacher roles models was the best predictor of gang membership. These results are conceptualized within the framework provided by social identity theory.
本研究比较了帮派成员与非帮派高中生在自尊、种族态度以及他们自称的榜样方面的情况。共有78名白人学生（65名非帮派成员和13名帮派成员）和77名非裔美国学生（41名非帮派成员和36名帮派成员）参与了研究。结果表明，与非帮派同龄人相比，帮派成员的自尊水平显著更低。所有学生，无论种族如何，都对种族外群体表现出负面的种族刻板印象；与其他学生相比，帮派成员并没有更严重的种族偏见。榜样数据显示，总体而言，帮派成员能说出的榜样比非帮派同龄人少。非帮派成员的非裔美国学生更有可能提到父母或老师作为榜样。回归分析表明，缺乏父母或老师榜样是帮派成员身份的最佳预测因素。这些结果在社会认同理论提供的框架内进行了概念化。
