The relationship of self-esteem to selected personal and environmental resources of adolescents.

This study examined the relationship of selected variables to self-esteem among 648 high school and college students. Multiple regression analyses, with self-esteem as the dependent variable, were computed separately for both males and females from small and large schools. Predictor variables were sex role orientation (masculinity/femininity); attitudes toward women's roles in society; high school activity participation; high school athletic participation; employment practices of students; and parents' education, occupational, and marital status. For all four groups, higher masculinity scores and greater levels of activity participation were significantly related to self-esteem. As predicted, however, there were differences in the regression equations as a function of school size. For males in small schools, but not in large schools, athletic participation was a significant predictor of self-esteem. For females in small schools, but not in large schools, more nontraditional or egalitarian attitudes toward women were related to higher self-esteem scores. Only masculinity and activity participation were significant predictors of self-esteem for both males and females in large schools. The implications of these results for the understanding of adolescent development are discussed.