Pelletier D L, Habicht J P
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
J Nutr. 1994 Sep;124(9 Suppl):1846S-1852S. doi: 10.1093/jn/124.suppl_9.1846S.
There are five broad categories of food-related public health problems in the U.S. for which survey data on food consumption are needed. These relate to reproduction, growth and development, chronic disease, food safety, food insecurity and problems specific to the elderly. The collection and analysis of food consumption data has become increasingly difficult for three major reasons. First, broad societal trends (e.g., ethnicity and use of food away from home) and changes in the food production, processing and marketing sectors have complicated the task. Second, the traditional concerns of monitoring (tracking population means and prevalences) are no longer the only objectives; there is a growing demand for data on habitual intake of individuals and variability in habitual intakes (e.g., to estimate the frequency of acute exposures). Third, data are required at several levels of aggregation (e.g., nutrients, food categories, commodities and name-brand foods) and a high frequency of non-consumption at lower levels of aggregation places high demands on sample size. It is suggested that the current large national surveys be supplemented with special purpose surveys that meet individual agency needs, and that principles and methods of state and local monitoring be further developed and implemented.
在美国，有五大类与食品相关的公共卫生问题需要有关食品消费的调查数据。这些问题涉及生殖、生长与发育、慢性病、食品安全、粮食不安全以及老年人特有的问题。由于三个主要原因，食品消费数据的收集和分析变得越来越困难。首先，广泛的社会趋势（例如种族和外出就餐情况）以及食品生产、加工和销售部门的变化使这项任务变得复杂。其次，监测的传统关注点（跟踪总体均值和患病率）不再是唯一目标；对个体习惯性摄入量数据以及习惯性摄入量变异性（例如估计急性暴露频率）的需求日益增加。第三，需要多个汇总层面的数据（例如营养素、食品类别、商品和名牌食品），而较低汇总层面的高频率非消费情况对样本量提出了很高要求。建议用满足各机构个别需求的专项调查来补充当前的大型全国性调查，并进一步制定和实施州和地方监测的原则与方法。
