D'Ambrosio S M
Department of Radiology, Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus 43210.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1994 Jun;19(3):243-81. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1994.1023.
The potential health effects of caffeine have been investigated for over two decades in a variety of model systems including limited human populations. Thus, it is probably one of the most extensively studied natural occurring dietary chemicals. One area which has received a great deal of attention is the potential genotoxic property of caffeine. To better understand whether caffeine itself or in combination with other agents exhibits genotoxic effects, hundreds of research studies published over the past 5 years have been reviewed. These studies have utilized a number of animal, prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and mammalian cell culture model systems. They have investigated the effects of caffeine alone or in combination with other physical and chemical agents on many aspects of cell division, chromosome stability, toxicity, and mutagenicity. A number of effects have been observed. However, they usually appear after very high doses (> 1 mM) of caffeine in combination with genotoxins, and are usually specific to certain cell types and/or cellular parameters. Humans, on the other hand, consume much less caffeine in the diet, with peak serum levels in the micromolar range 10- and 1000-fold higher compared to levels in animal and cell culture models. Thus, it is difficult to implicate caffeine, even at the highest levels of dietary consumption, as a genotoxin to humans.
二十多年来，人们在包括有限人群在内的各种模型系统中研究了咖啡因对健康的潜在影响。因此，它可能是研究最为广泛的天然膳食化学物质之一。咖啡因的潜在遗传毒性这一领域受到了大量关注。为了更好地了解咖啡因本身或与其他物质结合是否具有遗传毒性，我们回顾了过去五年发表的数百项研究。这些研究使用了多种动物、原核生物、真核生物和哺乳动物细胞培养模型系统。他们研究了咖啡因单独或与其他物理和化学物质结合对细胞分裂、染色体稳定性、毒性和诱变性等许多方面的影响。已经观察到了一些影响。然而，它们通常在与遗传毒素联合使用非常高剂量（>1 mM）的咖啡因后出现，并且通常特定于某些细胞类型和/或细胞参数。另一方面，人类在饮食中摄入的咖啡因要少得多，血清峰值水平处于微摩尔范围内，与动物和细胞培养模型中的水平相比高10到1000倍。因此，即使在饮食摄入量最高的情况下，也很难将咖啡因认定为对人类有遗传毒性的物质。
