Lefébvre P J, Paolisso G, Scheen A J
Département de Médecine, Université de Liège, Belgique.
Therapie. 1994 Jan-Feb;49(1):1-7.
The interrelationships between magnesium and carbohydrate metabolism have regained considerable interest over the last few years. Insulin secretion requires magnesium: magnesium deficiency results in impaired insulin secretion while magnesium replacement restores insulin secretion. Furthermore, experimental magnesium deficiency reduces the tissues sensitivity to insulin. Subclinical magnesium deficiency is common in diabetes. It results from both insufficient magnesium intakes and increase magnesium losses, particularly in the urine. In type 2, or non-insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus, magnesium deficiency seems to be associated with insulin resistance. Furthermore, it may participate in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications and may contribute to the increased risk of sudden death associated with diabetes. Some studies suggest that magnesium deficiency may play a role in spontaneous abortion of diabetic women, in fetal malformations and in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypocalcemia of the infants of diabetic mothers. Administration of magnesium salts to patients with type 2 diabetes tend to reduce insulin resistance. Long-term studies are needed before recommending systematic magnesium supplementation to type 2 diabetic patients with subclinical magnesium deficiency.
在过去几年中，镁与碳水化合物代谢之间的相互关系再次引起了人们的极大兴趣。胰岛素分泌需要镁：镁缺乏会导致胰岛素分泌受损，而补充镁则可恢复胰岛素分泌。此外，实验性镁缺乏会降低组织对胰岛素的敏感性。亚临床镁缺乏在糖尿病患者中很常见。它是由镁摄入不足和镁流失增加导致的，尤其是通过尿液流失。在2型或非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病中，镁缺乏似乎与胰岛素抵抗有关。此外，它可能参与糖尿病并发症的发病机制，并可能导致糖尿病相关猝死风险增加。一些研究表明，镁缺乏可能在糖尿病女性自然流产、胎儿畸形以及糖尿病母亲所生婴儿的新生儿低钙血症发病机制中起作用。给2型糖尿病患者服用镁盐往往会降低胰岛素抵抗。在建议对有亚临床镁缺乏的2型糖尿病患者进行系统性镁补充之前，还需要进行长期研究。
