Slepushkin A N, Rudenko L G, Kendal A P, Monto A S, Beliaev A L, Burtseva E I, Grigor'eva E P, Obrosova-Serova N P, Ivanova V T, Bragina V E
Vopr Virusol. 1994 May-Jun;39(3):129-31.
Schoolchildren of 30 to 34 schools of Novgorod were vaccinated over a three-year period with Russian live cold-adapted attenuated vaccine for children and whole-virus inactivated vaccines and placebo for comparative field study of the vaccines properties and efficacy. In control trials both bi- and trivalent live attenuated vaccines were well tolerated and areactogenic. A whole-virus inactivated trivalent vaccine induced mild and moderate fever and local reactions in 2-4% of the vaccinees. Special observations are necessary to establish the possibility of use and to determine a dose of this inactivated vaccine for immunization of children, especially those of 7-10 years of age. All the vaccines induced HI antibody production in 50-80% and antineuraminidase in 50-70% of seronegative children. The pattern of the results was similar to that in revaccinated children with preexisting antibody at a level of 1:20, but much lower in children with the initial titre above 1:20. After the 3rd year of vaccination the immune response of the vaccinees was similar, most of the results depending on the initial antibody titre and also on the change of vaccine strains. This raises a question of the expediency of annual influenza revaccination of the same person after 2 years of successful immunization and of the necessity of vaccine strains replacement after 2-3 years of use.
在三年时间里，诺夫哥罗德30至34所学校的学童接种了俄罗斯儿童用冷适应减毒活疫苗、全病毒灭活疫苗和安慰剂，以对疫苗特性和效力进行比较性现场研究。在对照试验中，二价和三价减毒活疫苗耐受性良好且无反应原性。全病毒灭活三价疫苗在2%-4%的接种者中引起轻度和中度发热及局部反应。需要进行专门观察，以确定这种灭活疫苗用于儿童免疫、尤其是7至10岁儿童免疫的可能性并确定剂量。所有疫苗在50%-80%的血清阴性儿童中诱导产生血凝抑制（HI）抗体，在50%-70%的血清阴性儿童中诱导产生抗神经氨酸酶抗体。结果模式与抗体水平为1:20的再次接种儿童相似，但初始滴度高于1:20的儿童中该结果要低得多。接种三年后，接种者的免疫反应相似，大多数结果取决于初始抗体滴度以及疫苗毒株的变化。这就引发了一个问题，即在成功免疫两年后同一个人每年进行流感再次接种是否合适，以及在使用2至3年后是否有必要更换疫苗毒株。
