Shafran R, Booth R, Rachman S
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Behav Res Ther. 1993 Jan;31(1):75-85. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(93)90045-v.
A clinical experiment comparing methods of fear reduction in claustrophobia was used as the basis for analysing the relationships between a number of cognitive variables and the reduction of claustrophobia. Both the number and believability of negative cognitions present were associated with fear reduction and return of fear; this was also found when considering the number of body sensations experienced. High fear and panic were always accompanied by these phenomena whilst zero fear was never reported in the presence of believable cognitions and body sensations. An absence of believable cognitions post-test was accompanied by an absence of claustrophobia in 10/13 subjects. Specifically, removal of belief in any of the cognitions "I will be trapped", "I will suffocate" and/or "I will lose control" was associated with removal of belief in all the other cognitions and a dramatic reduction in claustrophobia. Belief in one of these central cognitions was associated with the maintenance of fear. We conclude that it is possible to conceptualize claustrophobia as comprising a number of cognitions centred on key thoughts of trappedness, suffocation and loss of control.
一项比较幽闭恐惧症恐惧减轻方法的临床试验被用作分析一些认知变量与幽闭恐惧症减轻之间关系的基础。存在的消极认知的数量和可信度都与恐惧减轻及恐惧复发有关；在考虑所体验到的身体感觉的数量时也发现了这一点。高度恐惧和恐慌总是伴随着这些现象，而在存在可信的认知和身体感觉时从未报告过零恐惧。13名受试者中有10名在测试后没有可信的认知时也没有幽闭恐惧症。具体而言，消除对“我会被困住”“我会窒息”和/或“我会失去控制”等任何一种认知的信念，与消除对所有其他认知的信念以及幽闭恐惧症的显著减轻有关。对这些核心认知之一的信念与恐惧的维持有关。我们得出结论，有可能将幽闭恐惧症概念化为由一些以被困、窒息和失去控制等关键想法为中心的认知组成。
