Meldahl A S, Fonnum F
Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, Division for Environmental Toxicology, Kjeller.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1993 Jan;38(1):57-67. doi: 10.1080/15287399309531700.
A crude extract of the ichthyotoxic phytoflagellate Prymnesium patelliferum strongly inhibited the uptake of neurotransmitters into isolated nerve endings (synaptosomes) and synaptic vesicles. These systems were about 100 and 10 times more sensitive toward the algal toxin, respectively, than a standard hemolysis assay often used for testing the toxicity of Prymnesium spp. and other ichthyotoxic algae. Prymnesium patelliferum grown in phsophorus-deficient (-P) medium was about five times more active than when grown in phosphorus sufficient (+P) medium. The inhibition ratio between the high-affinity synaptosomal uptake of L-glutamate and gamma-aminobyturic acid (GABA) was 1/2.7 for the -P culture and 1/1.9 for the +P culture. The inhibition ratios for the low-affinity vesicular uptake of L-glutamate, GABA, and dopamine (DA) were 1/5.8/0.3 and 1/1.7/0.2, respectively. The synaptosomal transport of L-glutamate is a rapid, simple, and sensitive test method for toxicity determination of Prymnesium spp. and will be a useful tool in the further isolation and purification of the toxic principles of this and other related algae. It is suggested that the toxin interferes with ion channels or acts as an ionopore.
具有鱼毒性的浮游植物金色棕囊藻的粗提取物强烈抑制神经递质进入分离的神经末梢（突触体）和突触小泡。与常用于检测棕囊藻属及其他具有鱼毒性藻类毒性的标准溶血试验相比，这些系统对藻毒素的敏感性分别高出约100倍和10倍。在缺磷（-P）培养基中生长的金色棕囊藻的活性比在磷充足（+P）培养基中生长时高约五倍。对于-P培养物，L-谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的高亲和力突触体摄取之间的抑制率为1/2.7，对于+P培养物为1/1.9。L-谷氨酸、GABA和多巴胺（DA）的低亲和力囊泡摄取的抑制率分别为1/5.8/0.3和1/1.7/0.2。L-谷氨酸的突触体转运是一种快速、简单且灵敏的检测棕囊藻属毒性的方法，将成为进一步分离和纯化该藻类及其他相关藻类毒性成分的有用工具。据推测，该毒素会干扰离子通道或充当离子孔。
