Available information describing the behavioural changes induced by anticholinesterases in humans and animals is reviewed. 2. Very little confidence can be placed in existing descriptions of the behavioural effects of anticholinesterases in humans. 3. Although data from animal experimental studies is reliable, the information obtained is relatively superficial. 4. It is concluded therefore, although much information is available, surprisingly little is known of the behavioural changes induced by anticholinesterases.