McHenry H M
Science. 1975 Oct 31;190(4213):425-31. doi: 10.1126/science.809842.
These new fossils, dates, analyses, and interpretations lead to confirmation and refinement of the mosaic scheme of human evolution as proposed by early evolutionists such as Lamarck, Haeckel, and Darwin. Evolutionary changes in the body adapting our ancestors to bipedalism occurred before 3 million years ago, judging by the completeness of the adaptation in the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene hominids. The skeletons of these early hominids were not identical to those of modern humans, but locomotor behavior was probably human. At about 3 million years ago their brains were relatively small, although internal reorganization may have been taking place. By 2 million years ago a wider range of variation in brain size appears in the fossil record, with an average size somewhat larger than that in earlier hominids. Concomitant with this beginning of brain size increase was the reshaping of the pelvic region, perhaps related to an increase in birth canal size to accommodate larger-brained fetuses. Evidence for tool manufacturing, meat eating, shelter building, and probably food sharing also occurs at about this time, which signals the coming of a new adaptive strategy.
这些新的化石、年代测定、分析和解释，证实并完善了早期进化论者如拉马克、海克尔和达尔文所提出的人类进化镶嵌模式。从更新世晚期到早更新世原始人类适应的完整性判断，身体的进化变化使我们的祖先适应两足行走发生在300万年前之前。这些早期原始人类的骨骼与现代人类的骨骼并不相同，但运动行为可能是人类的。大约在300万年前，他们的大脑相对较小，尽管内部重组可能已经在进行。到200万年前，化石记录中出现了更广泛的脑容量变化，平均脑容量比早期原始人类略大。伴随着脑容量增加的开始，骨盆区域也发生了重塑，这可能与产道尺寸增加以容纳大脑较大的胎儿有关。大约在这个时候，也出现了工具制造、肉食、住所建造以及可能的食物共享的证据，这标志着一种新的适应策略的到来。
