Amplification of c-myc oncogene and absence of c-Ha-ras point mutation in human bone sarcoma.

The genomic organization of four oncogenes, c-myc, c-myb, c-Ha-ras, and v-fms, was analyzed in 21 patients with malignant bone tumors. Amplification of the c-myc proto-oncogene without rearrangement was the sole abnormality detected in four tumors: two chondrosarcomas, one osteosarcoma, and one lymphoma of bone. DNA hybridizations with c-myb, c-Ha-ras, and v-fms probes disclosed no structural gene abnormalities. Point mutations at the 12th codon of the c-Ha-ras gene were investigated with the polymerase chain reaction technique; no alterations were detected. The observed amplification of the c-myc there was not related to histologic type, grade, surgical stage, or ploidy level of the tumors. The results indicated that c-myc amplification, presumed to be involved in the development of malignancy in a variety of solid tumors, is encountered sporadically in malignant bone tumors; however, this occurs without relation to common histopathologic features. The clinical significance of oncogene amplification in bone sarcoma remains to be established.