Chen Y, Getchell T V, Sparks D L, Getchell M L
Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40536.
J Comp Neurol. 1993 Aug 1;334(1):104-16. doi: 10.1002/cne.903340109.
The distribution and targets of nerves containing the adrenergic markers tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y in the human olfactory mucosa were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Tissue was obtained at autopsy from the nasal cleft of 16 adults ranging in age from 24 to 90 years, and from one spontaneously aborted 16-week-old fetus. The presence of olfactory receptor neurons in nasal mucosa was confirmed by staining with the antibody to olfactory marker protein. Targets of adrenergic innervation were blood vessels, including the vasa nervorum within the sheaths of olfactory nerve bundles, and Bowman's glands in the lamina propria. Adrenergic fibers penetrated the adventitia of blood vessels and terminated near the media, and were in close proximity to Bowman's glands but did not enter the acini. In the fetal tissue, the vasa nervorum were the major targets of adrenergic fibers. Age-related differences in the pattern and statistically significant differences in the density of innervation of blood vessels were noted between adults under and over 60 years of age. In the younger group, plexuses of nerve fibers containing colocalized dopamine beta-hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y occurred adjacent to arterioles and large bundles of fibers adjacent to venules; in older individuals, few fiber plexuses occurred adjacent to arterioles and thin bundles of fibers adjacent to venules. The distribution of adrenergic innervation suggests that vasomotor tone and secretion are regulated by adrenergic nerves. The decrease in adrenergic innervation in older individuals, with resultant effects on perireceptor processes, may be associated with age-related declines in olfactory function.
采用免疫组织化学方法研究了人嗅黏膜中含有肾上腺素能标记物酪氨酸羟化酶、多巴胺β-羟化酶和神经肽Y的神经分布及靶点。组织取自16名年龄在24至90岁之间的成年人尸检时的鼻裂，以及1例自然流产的16周龄胎儿。用嗅觉标记蛋白抗体染色证实鼻黏膜中存在嗅觉受体神经元。肾上腺素能神经支配的靶点是血管，包括嗅神经束鞘内的神经血管，以及固有层中的鲍曼腺。肾上腺素能纤维穿透血管外膜并在中膜附近终止，与鲍曼腺紧密相邻但不进入腺泡。在胎儿组织中，神经血管是肾上腺素能纤维的主要靶点。60岁以下和60岁以上成年人之间在神经支配模式上存在年龄相关差异，血管神经支配密度也存在统计学显著差异。在较年轻组中，含有共定位多巴胺β-羟化酶和神经肽Y的神经纤维丛出现在小动脉附近，与小静脉相邻处有大的纤维束；在老年人中，小动脉附近很少有纤维丛，小静脉附近有细的纤维束。肾上腺素能神经支配的分布表明血管运动张力和分泌受肾上腺素能神经调节。老年人肾上腺素能神经支配减少，进而对受体周围过程产生影响，这可能与嗅觉功能的年龄相关下降有关。
