Zielinski B S, Getchell M L, Wenokur R L, Getchell T V
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201.
Anat Rec. 1989 Nov;225(3):232-45. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092250309.
Pharmacological and ultrastructural methods were used to demonstrate alpha-adrenergic regulation of secretory granule content of acinar cells of Bowman's glands and to localize and identify adrenergic and cholinergic axonal varicosities and terminals in the olfactory mucosa of the tiger salamander. The alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine caused secretory granule depletion from Bowman's glands; the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine partially blocked this effect. These observations were quantified using light microscopic computer-assisted morphometric techniques. Both drugs caused morphological signs of electrolye/water transport. Adrenergic axonal varicosities were identified by the presence of small granular vesicles (SGVs, 45-60 nm in diameter) containing electron-dense material that was enhanced by 5-hydroxydopamine loading and chromaffin reaction fixation techniques. Throughout the lamina propria, small fascicles with axons containing SGVs as well as varicosities and terminals with SGVs were located adjacent to blood vessels, Bowman's gland acini, and melanocytes. Mean vesicle diameters at these sites were 54 +/- 7 nm, 50 +/- 9 nm, and 56 +/- 8 nm, respectively; varicosities were located approximately 0.1-1.0 microns from their presumed cellular targets. Axonal varicosities containing small agranular vesicles (AGVs, 65 +/- 8 nm in diameter), identified as cholinergic by their size and by the absence of electron-dense material after 5-hydroxydopamine loading and chromaffin reaction fixation, were located between adjacent acinar cells. In addition, adrenergic varicosities containing SGVs (56 +/- 6 nm in diameter) were found within 1 micron of blood vessels associated with Bowman's gland ducts and sustentacular cells near the base of the olfactory epithelium. These results characterize the ultrastructural basis for adrenergic and cholinergic regulation of vasomotor tone and secretion within the olfactory mucosa.
采用药理学和超微结构方法来证明鲍曼腺泡状细胞分泌颗粒含量的α-肾上腺素能调节，并在虎螈嗅觉黏膜中定位和鉴定肾上腺素能和胆碱能轴突膨体及终末。α-肾上腺素能激动剂去氧肾上腺素导致鲍曼腺分泌颗粒耗竭；α-肾上腺素能拮抗剂酚妥拉明部分阻断了这种效应。使用光学显微镜计算机辅助形态测量技术对这些观察结果进行了量化。两种药物均引起电解质/水转运的形态学迹象。通过存在含有电子致密物质的小颗粒囊泡（SGV，直径45 - 60 nm）来鉴定肾上腺素能轴突膨体，5-羟多巴胺加载和嗜铬反应固定技术可增强这种电子致密物质。在整个固有层中，含有SGV的轴突小束以及含有SGV的膨体和终末位于血管、鲍曼腺泡和黑素细胞附近。这些部位的囊泡平均直径分别为54±7 nm、50±9 nm和56±8 nm；膨体距离其假定的细胞靶点约0.1 - 1.0微米。含有小无颗粒囊泡（AGV，直径65±8 nm）的轴突膨体，根据其大小以及5-羟多巴胺加载和嗜铬反应固定后无电子致密物质而被鉴定为胆碱能，位于相邻腺泡细胞之间。此外，在与鲍曼腺导管相关的血管以及嗅觉上皮基部附近的支持细胞1微米范围内发现了含有SGV（直径56±6 nm）的肾上腺素能膨体。这些结果表征了嗅觉黏膜内血管舒缩张力和分泌的肾上腺素能和胆碱能调节的超微结构基础。
