Edwards J E, Lindeman A K, Mikesky A E, Stager J M
Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Dec;25(12):1398-404.
Anecdotal and scientific reports have suggested that some female endurance athletes may have an inexplicable imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. We compared energy intake (EI) from food diaries (FD) with assessment of free-living energy expenditure (EE) using doubly labeled water (DLW) and a food attitude survey for 7 d in nine female distance runners. Daily EE via DLW (2990 +/- 415 kcal) was greater (P < 0.01) than daily EI via FD (2037 +/- 298 kcal): a 32% imbalance. Body weight did not change during the 7 d (day 1, 55.3 +/- 6.2 kg; day 7, 55.1 +/- 5.6 kg). A positive relationship was observed between EE and body weight (r = 0.82) while a negative correlation existed between EE vs EI (r = -0.83) and between EI vs body weight (r = -0.74). A negative correlation was observed between body weight and food attitude/body image (r = -78), i.e., the heavier women self-reported lower EI and also reported lower body image scores. These female athletes had a significant imbalance between EI and EE by our measures. Since body image and EI were related to body weight, the estimates of EI may be low due to underreporting particularly by the heavier athletes.
轶事报道和科学报告表明，一些女性耐力运动员可能在能量摄入和能量消耗之间存在无法解释的失衡。我们比较了9名女性长跑运动员通过食物日记（FD）记录的能量摄入（EI）与使用双标水（DLW）评估的自由生活能量消耗（EE），并进行了为期7天的食物态度调查。通过DLW测得的每日EE（2990±415千卡）高于通过FD测得的每日EI（2037±298千卡）（P<0.01）：失衡率为32%。在这7天中体重没有变化（第1天，55.3±6.2千克；第7天，55.1±5.6千克）。观察到EE与体重之间呈正相关（r=0.82），而EE与EI之间（r=-0.83）以及EI与体重之间（r=-0.74）呈负相关。观察到体重与食物态度/身体形象之间呈负相关（r=-0.78），即体重较重的女性自我报告的EI较低，且身体形象得分也较低。根据我们的测量，这些女运动员的EI和EE之间存在显著失衡。由于身体形象和EI与体重有关，EI的估计值可能因报告不足而偏低，尤其是体重较重的运动员。
