Clare L, McKenna P J, Mortimer A M, Baddeley A D
Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, U.K.
Neuropsychologia. 1993 Nov;31(11):1225-41. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(93)90070-g.
This study assesses the pattern of long-term memory performance in a sample of 12 schizophrenic patients who were selected on the basis of showing a memory deficit in the absence of gross overall intellectual impairment. When compared with 12 control subjects matched for age, sex and estimated premorbid IQ, presence of an episodic memory deficit was confirmed for both prose recall and forced-choice word and face recognition. Semantic memory was assessed using the sentence verification task developed by Collins and Quillian, an unpaced category judgement task, and the Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale. The schizophrenic patients were slower on sentence verification and they made significantly more errors in all three tasks. Procedural tasks included pursuit rotor performance, speed of repeatedly assembling a jigsaw puzzle and rate of improvement in reading transformed script. Here, while the schizophrenic patients showed poor overall performance on the pursuit rotor and jigsaw learning, their rate of learning on all three procedural tasks was comparable with that of the controls. When examined on two implicit memory tasks involving biasing of spelling of homophones and word stem completion, the patients showed a normal degree of priming in both. Implications for the nature of the memory deficit in schizophrenia are discussed.
本研究评估了12名精神分裂症患者的长期记忆表现模式，这些患者是在无明显总体智力损害但存在记忆缺陷的基础上挑选出来的。与12名年龄、性别和预估病前智商相匹配的对照受试者相比，经确认，这些精神分裂症患者在散文回忆、强制选择单词和面部识别方面均存在情景记忆缺陷。语义记忆通过柯林斯和奎利恩开发的句子验证任务、非限时类别判断任务以及米尔希尔词汇量表进行评估。精神分裂症患者在句子验证方面速度较慢，并且在所有这三项任务中犯的错误明显更多。程序性任务包括追踪转子表现、反复组装拼图的速度以及阅读变形文字的提高率。在此，虽然精神分裂症患者在追踪转子和拼图学习方面总体表现较差，但他们在所有三项程序性任务上的学习速度与对照组相当。当对涉及同音异形词拼写偏差和词干补全的两项内隐记忆任务进行测试时，患者在两项任务中均表现出正常程度的启动效应。本文讨论了精神分裂症记忆缺陷性质的相关影响。
