Luttik R, Romijn C A, Canton J H
National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
Sci Total Environ. 1993;Suppl Pt 2:1491-500. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(05)80154-8.
A general algorithm for effect assessment on secondary poisoning for birds and mammals is presented. This algorithm (Maximum Permissible Concentration = NOECbird/mammal/BCF) was drawn up by analysing an aquatic food chain (water--fish--bird or mammal) and a terrestrial food chain (soil--worm--bird or mammal). NOECs and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were collected for a set of selected compounds: lindane, dieldrin, cadmium and mercury in both water and soil, PCB153 only in water and DDT and PCP only in soil. BCFs for the terrestrial pathway are frequently < 1 and rarely above 10, though for the aquatic pathway BCFs up to 10(4) were found for the same compounds. By calculating MPCs for fish-eaters and comparing these to MPCs calculated for aquatic organisms, secondary poisoning could be a critical pathway for methyl-mercury and PCB153. For lindane the conclusion depends on whether a separate or combined data set is chosen for birds and mammals. By calculating MPCs for a standard soil situation and comparing these to MPCs for terrestrial organisms, secondary poisoning could be a critical pathway for cadmium and methyl-mercury.
提出了一种评估鸟类和哺乳动物二次中毒影响的通用算法。该算法（最大允许浓度=鸟类/哺乳动物的无可见效应浓度/生物富集系数）是通过分析水生食物链（水-鱼-鸟类或哺乳动物）和陆地食物链（土壤-蚯蚓-鸟类或哺乳动物）得出的。收集了一组选定化合物的无可见效应浓度和生物富集系数：水中和土壤中的林丹、狄氏剂、镉和汞，仅水中的多氯联苯153，以及仅土壤中的滴滴涕和五氯苯酚。陆地途径的生物富集系数通常<1，很少超过10，而对于水生途径，相同化合物的生物富集系数高达10⁴。通过计算食鱼动物的最大允许浓度并将其与水生生物的最大允许浓度进行比较，二次中毒可能是甲基汞和多氯联苯153的关键途径。对于林丹，结论取决于为鸟类和哺乳动物选择的是单独的还是组合的数据集。通过计算标准土壤情况下的最大允许浓度并将其与陆地生物的最大允许浓度进行比较，二次中毒可能是镉和甲基汞的关键途径。
