Knight T E, Hausen B M
Division of Dermatology, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Mar;30(3):423-7. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(94)70050-8.
Melaleuca oil (tea tree oil) is the essential oil distilled from the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel. Tea tree oil is popular for treating various cutaneous maladies.
Our purpose was to determine which constituent compounds of Melaleuca oil are responsible for allergic contact eczema in seven patients who became sensitized.
The seven patients were patch tested with Finn Chambers to a 1% solution (vol/vol) of melaleuca oil and 1% solutions (vol/vol) of 11 constituent compounds.
Of seven patients reactive to the 1% melaleuca oil solution, six patients also reacted to limonene, five to alpha-terpinene and aromadendrene, 2 to terpinen-4-ol, and one each to p-cymene and alpha-phellandrene. d-Carvone, an autooxidative derivative of limonene, caused no reactions among the seven patients.
d-Limonene was the most common allergen causing allergic contact eczema in our patients. Clinicians are likely to see more contact eczema caused by the increasing use of this popular nostrum.
白千层油（茶树油）是从互叶白千层的叶子中蒸馏得到的精油。茶树油因可治疗多种皮肤疾病而广受欢迎。
我们的目的是确定白千层油中的哪些成分导致了7例致敏患者发生变应性接触性皮炎。
使用芬兰小室对7例患者进行斑贴试验，分别使用1%（体积/体积）白千层油溶液和11种成分的1%（体积/体积）溶液。
在对1%白千层油溶液有反应的7例患者中，6例对柠檬烯有反应，5例对α-松油烯和香树烯有反应，2例对萜品-4-醇有反应，1例对对伞花烃和α-水芹烯有反应。d-香芹酮是柠檬烯的一种自氧化衍生物，在这7例患者中未引起反应。
d-柠檬烯是导致我们患者发生变应性接触性皮炎的最常见变应原。随着这种广受欢迎的民间药物使用的增加，临床医生可能会见到更多由其引起的接触性皮炎。
