Brown E, Perrett D I
Department of Psychology, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK.
Perception. 1993;22(7):829-40. doi: 10.1068/p220829.
An experiment is reported in which the attribution of gender to isolated facial features and to faces whose features have been interchanged with those of a face of the opposite gender has been examined. Sixteen male faces were averaged to create a prototype male face and sixteen female faces averaged to create a prototype female face. The prototypes were then masked to exclude ears, neck, hair, and hairline. Individual features (brows, eyes, nose, mouth, and chin) and pairs of features (brows & eyes, eyes & nose, nose & mouth, mouth & chin) from the prototypes were then presented in isolation for classification according to their perceived gender. The results showed that, for the faces used, the brows & eyes, brows alone, eyes alone, the whole jaw, the chin, the nose & mouth, the mouth alone (in descending order), ie all the features except the nose, carried some information about gender when they were seen in isolation. In the second part of the experiment different features from one prototype face were grafted into the prototype of the opposite gender and the resulting composite faces classified by their perceived gender. The results of this feature substitution showed the jaw, brows & eyes, chin, and brows (in descending order) effecting significant change in perceived gender. The difference in gender information carried by feature(s) when they were viewed in isolation from that when they were substituted for each other is attributed to the role of configuration in the perception of the gender of a face.
本文报告了一项实验，该实验研究了将性别归因于孤立的面部特征以及特征与异性面部特征互换后的面部。将16张男性面孔平均以创建一个原型男性面孔，将16张女性面孔平均以创建一个原型女性面孔。然后对原型进行遮盖，以排除耳朵、脖子、头发和发际线。接着将原型中的单个特征（眉毛、眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴和下巴）以及特征对（眉毛和眼睛、眼睛和鼻子、鼻子和嘴巴、嘴巴和下巴）单独呈现，以便根据其感知到的性别进行分类。结果表明，对于所使用的面孔，眉毛和眼睛、单独的眉毛、单独的眼睛、整个下巴、下巴、鼻子和嘴巴、单独的嘴巴（按降序排列），即除鼻子外的所有特征，在单独看到时都携带了一些关于性别的信息。在实验的第二部分，将一个原型面孔的不同特征嫁接到异性的原型中，并根据其感知到的性别对 resulting composite faces 进行分类。这种特征替换的结果表明，下巴、眉毛和眼睛、下巴和眉毛（按降序排列）在感知性别方面产生了显著变化。当特征孤立看待时所携带的性别信息与它们相互替换时所携带的性别信息之间的差异，归因于面部性别感知中构型的作用。
