Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
PLoS One. 2024 May 13;19(5):e0303400. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303400. eCollection 2024.
Visual abilities tend to vary predictably across the visual field-for simple low-level stimuli, visibility is better along the horizontal vs. vertical meridian and in the lower vs. upper visual field. In contrast, face perception abilities have been reported to show either distinct or entirely idiosyncratic patterns of variation in peripheral vision, suggesting a dissociation between the spatial properties of low- and higher-level vision. To assess this link more clearly, we extended methods used in low-level vision to develop an acuity test for face perception, measuring the smallest size at which facial gender can be reliably judged in peripheral vision. In 3 experiments, we show the characteristic inversion effect, with better acuity for upright faces than inverted, demonstrating the engagement of high-level face-selective processes in peripheral vision. We also observe a clear advantage for gender acuity on the horizontal vs. vertical meridian and a smaller-but-consistent lower- vs. upper-field advantage. These visual field variations match those of low-level vision, indicating that higher-level face processing abilities either inherit or actively maintain the characteristic patterns of spatial selectivity found in early vision. The commonality of these spatial variations throughout the visual hierarchy means that the location of faces in our visual field systematically influences our perception of them.
视觉能力往往在整个视野中呈现出可预测的变化——对于简单的低级刺激,水平子午线与垂直子午线相比,以及下视野与上视野相比,可见度更好。相比之下,据报道,面部感知能力在外围视觉中表现出明显或完全特有的变化模式,表明低级和高级视觉的空间特性存在分离。为了更清楚地评估这种联系,我们扩展了低级视觉中使用的方法,开发了一种用于面部感知的敏锐度测试,测量在周边视觉中可以可靠判断面部性别的最小尺寸。在 3 项实验中,我们展示了特征反转效应,即直立面孔的敏锐度优于倒置面孔,这表明高水平的面孔选择性过程在外围视觉中被激活。我们还观察到水平子午线比垂直子午线的性别敏锐度优势更明显,以及较小但一致的下视野优于上视野的优势。这些视野变化与低级视觉的变化相匹配,表明高级面部处理能力要么继承,要么主动维持早期视觉中发现的空间选择性特征模式。这些空间变化在整个视觉层次结构中的共性意味着我们视野中面部的位置系统地影响我们对它们的感知。