Schaeffel F, Hagel G, Bartmann M, Kohler K, Zrenner E
Department of Pathophysiology of Vision and Neuro-Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.
Vision Res. 1994 Jan;34(2):143-9. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(94)90327-1.
Degradation of the retinal image by translucent occluders during postnatal development induces axial myopia in chickens, tree shrews and monkeys. Local visual deprivation produces myopia even in local regions of the eye and neither accommodation nor intact connection between the eye and the brain are necessary. Therefore, it is an important question whether a similar local-retinal pathway translating visual information into growth or stretch signals to the underlying sclera is acting to emmetropize the growing eye. It is not known until now whether occluder deprivation triggers similar eye growth (or scleral stretch) mechanisms that are also responsible for visual guidance of normal refractive development. We here report that, in chickens, 6-hydroxy dopamine suppresses deprivation-induced myopia but has no effect on the magnitude of changes in axial eye elongation that are induced by spectacle lenses. The result suggests that, in chickens with normal accommodation, two pharmacologically different feedback loops may be responsible for deprivation myopia and lens-induced refractive errors.
出生后发育过程中，半透明遮挡物导致的视网膜图像退化会诱发鸡、树鼩和猴子出现轴性近视。局部视觉剥夺即使在眼睛的局部区域也会产生近视，并且眼的调节功能以及眼与脑之间完整的连接并非必要条件。因此，一个重要的问题是，是否存在一条类似的局部视网膜通路，将视觉信息转化为生长或拉伸信号传递给下方的巩膜，从而使生长中的眼睛实现正视化。到目前为止，尚不清楚遮挡剥夺是否触发了与正常屈光发育的视觉引导也相关的类似眼生长（或巩膜拉伸）机制。我们在此报告，在鸡中，6-羟基多巴胺可抑制剥夺性近视，但对由眼镜片引起的眼轴长度变化幅度没有影响。该结果表明，在具有正常调节功能的鸡中，两条药理学上不同的反馈回路可能分别导致剥夺性近视和镜片诱导的屈光不正。
