Carme B, Plassart H, Senga P, Nzingoula S
Department of Parasitology, University Hospital of Brazzaville, Congo.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Feb;50(2):131-6. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1994.50.131.
Current epidemiologic and clinical research on cerebral malaria is directed towards prognostic criteria and neurologic sequelae. However, the assessment of risk factors related to the environment and the socioeconomic standard of the family is of practical as well as theoretical interest. A prospective survey was carried out in March 1990 in Brazzaville, Congo by interviewing subjects in two groups: 1) 600 households representative of the Brazzaville population and 2) 84 households with a child who had been hospitalized for cerebral malaria between January 1, 1988 and June 30, 1989 (i.e., 9-27 months prior to the interview). The mothers' knowledge and attitudes with regard to the prevention and treatment of malaria in children were assessed, as was the socioeconomic standards of the households. The group in which at least one child had been hospitalized for cerebral malaria had a lower socioeconomic standard than the control group. Other differences in this group included a greater number of offspring and a higher average number of decreased children, less chemoprophylaxis, antimalarials available less often in the household, less early treatment of fever at home, and drugs bought more often at the market. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to using the correct dosage of chloroquine, ownership of a mosquito net, or the use of insecticides or repellents.
目前关于脑型疟疾的流行病学和临床研究主要针对预后标准和神经后遗症。然而，评估与环境及家庭社会经济水平相关的风险因素，在实际应用和理论研究方面都具有重要意义。1990年3月在刚果布拉柴维尔进行了一项前瞻性调查，通过对两组对象进行访谈：1）600户代表布拉柴维尔人口的家庭；2）84户有孩子在1988年1月1日至1989年6月30日期间因脑型疟疾住院治疗的家庭（即访谈前9至27个月）。评估了母亲们关于儿童疟疾预防和治疗的知识及态度，以及家庭的社会经济水平。至少有一个孩子因脑型疟疾住院的组，其社会经济水平低于对照组。该组的其他差异包括子女数量更多、平均患病子女数量更高、化学预防措施更少、家庭中抗疟药供应频率更低、在家中对发热的早期治疗更少，以及更常在市场购买药品。两组在使用正确剂量氯喹、拥有蚊帐或使用杀虫剂或驱虫剂方面没有显著差异。
