Stenchever M A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
J Reprod Med. 1993 Dec;38(12 Suppl):1030-5.
Oral contraceptives are a reliable and convenient method of birth control. Nevertheless, physicians are reluctant to use them in women over 35 because of concerns about increased risks of cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer despite evidence to the contrary. Well-designed studies have shown that the incidence of thromboembolic disease is related to the estrogen dose and that the risk of thromboembolism is highest in women who smoke. With current oral contraceptive formulations, there is no increased risk of cardiovascular disease or stroke in women without other risk factors. Oral contraceptives have been shown to protect against endometrial and ovarian cancer. The risk of breast cancer appears to be increased only minimally among current oral contraceptive users. Thus, oral contraceptives offer a safe and effective means of birth control in women over 35, especially in the absence of other risk factors.
口服避孕药是一种可靠且便捷的避孕方法。然而，尽管有相反的证据，但由于担心心血管疾病、中风和癌症风险增加，医生们仍不愿给35岁以上的女性使用口服避孕药。精心设计的研究表明，血栓栓塞性疾病的发病率与雌激素剂量有关，并且吸烟女性发生血栓栓塞的风险最高。对于没有其他风险因素的女性，使用目前的口服避孕药制剂不会增加心血管疾病或中风的风险。口服避孕药已被证明可预防子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌。目前使用口服避孕药的女性患乳腺癌的风险似乎仅略有增加。因此，口服避孕药为35岁以上的女性提供了一种安全有效的避孕方式，尤其是在没有其他风险因素的情况下。
