Nishio J, Matsuya T, Machida J, Miyazaki T
Cleft Palate J. 1976 Jan;13:20-30.
The present study attempted to clarify the motor nerve supply of the velopharyngeal muscles. Experiments were carried out on 20 anesthetized rhesus monkeys. Evoked EMG responses of the levator veli palatini, uvula, and superior constrictor pharyngeus muscles, which seem to contribute to velopharyngeal closure, were analyzed by stimulating the cranial nerves within the skull. Results were as follows: 1. Muscle action potentials (M-waves) from the selected muscles could be recognized on stimulating the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves at the petrosal area of the temporal bone but were not noted upon accessory nerve stimulation. 2. At maximal stimulation, the vagus gave a greater increase in muscle amplitude than the other nerves studied. This was followed by the glossopharyngeal with the facial nerve producing the least increase in amplitude. 3. Also at maximal stimulation, latencies in the response of the levator veli palatini and uvula muscles were reduced to the greatest degree by stimulation of the vagus, to a lesser extent for the glossopharyngeal, and least for the facial nerve. 4. On stimulating the facial nerve below the stylomastoid foramen, M-waves could not be recognized. From the present study, it was concluded that the levator veli palatini, uvula, and superior constrictor pharyngeus muscles are double innervated by the facial nerve and branches of the pharyngeal plexus derived from the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and that the facial nerve plays an important role as one of the motor nerves in movements responsible for velopharyngeal closure.
本研究试图阐明腭咽肌的运动神经支配。对20只麻醉的恒河猴进行了实验。通过刺激颅骨内的颅神经，分析了腭帆提肌、悬雍垂和咽上缩肌的诱发肌电图反应，这些肌肉似乎对腭咽闭合有作用。结果如下：1. 在颞骨岩部刺激面神经、舌咽神经和迷走神经时，可识别所选肌肉的肌肉动作电位（M波），但刺激副神经时未观察到。2. 在最大刺激时，迷走神经引起的肌肉振幅增加比其他研究的神经更大。其次是舌咽神经，面神经引起的振幅增加最小。3. 同样在最大刺激时，刺激迷走神经时，腭帆提肌和悬雍垂肌反应的潜伏期缩短程度最大，舌咽神经次之，面神经最小。4. 在茎乳孔下方刺激面神经时，无法识别M波。从本研究得出结论，腭帆提肌、悬雍垂和咽上缩肌由面神经以及源自舌咽神经和迷走神经的咽丛分支双重支配，并且面神经作为负责腭咽闭合运动的运动神经之一发挥重要作用。
