Albright J P, Powell J W, Smith W, Martindale A, Crowley E, Monroe J, Miller R, Connolly J, Hill B A, Miller D
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
Am J Sports Med. 1994 Jan-Feb;22(1):2-11. doi: 10.1177/036354659402200102.
In this prospective, multiinstitutional analysis of medial collateral ligament sprains in college football players, we categorized 987 previously uninjured study subjects according to frequency of wearing preventive knee braces, studied the patterns by which 47 of 100 injuries occurred to unbraced knees, and identified several extrinsic, sport-specific risk factors shared for both braced and unbraced knees. The attendance, brace wear choice, position, string, and session of each participant were recorded daily; medial collateral ligament sprains were reported whenever tissue damage was confirmed. Both the likelihood of wearing braces and risk of injury without them was highly dependent on session (games/practices), position group (line, linebacker/tight end, skill), and string group (players/nonplayers). Subjects wearing braces often faced a high injury risk to their unbraced knees, a finding compatible with the opinion that braces were a necessary evil, best worn when concern over danger of injury outweighed desire for speed and agility. It is concluded that to avoid misinterpretations due to the confounding influence of brace wear selection bias, accurate investigation of daily brace wear patterns is required. Then, before considing the impact of preventive knee braces, a repartitioning of the data base is essential to assure that only similar groups will be compared.
在这项针对大学橄榄球运动员内侧副韧带扭伤的前瞻性多机构分析中，我们根据佩戴预防性护膝的频率对987名此前未受伤的研究对象进行了分类，研究了100例损伤中有47例发生在未佩戴护膝膝盖上的模式，并确定了佩戴护膝和未佩戴护膝的膝盖共有的几种外在的、特定于运动的风险因素。每天记录每位参与者的出勤情况、护膝佩戴选择、位置、队列和训练时段；一旦确认组织损伤，即报告内侧副韧带扭伤情况。佩戴护膝的可能性以及不佩戴护膝时的受伤风险在很大程度上取决于训练时段（比赛/训练）、位置组（前锋、线卫/近端锋、技术位置球员）和队列组（球员/非球员）。佩戴护膝的受试者其未佩戴护膝的膝盖往往面临较高的受伤风险，这一发现与护膝是一种必要之恶的观点相符，即在对受伤危险的担忧超过对速度和敏捷性的渴望时佩戴护膝最为合适。得出的结论是，为避免因护膝佩戴选择偏差的混杂影响而产生误解，需要准确调查每日护膝佩戴模式。然后，在考虑预防性护膝的影响之前，对数据库进行重新划分至关重要，以确保仅对相似的组进行比较。
