Spagnolo A
Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Instituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1993;29(1):89-96.
Many studies describing the teratogenic effects of alcohol have been published since Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) was first identified in 1973. Specifically, it has been a widely documented that alcohol is a teratogen that causes brain, craniofacial, and limb abnormalities in children suffering from FAS. These children have also been shown to be at high risk for mental deficiencies. Teratogenicity has only been observed in offspring of mothers who consume large quantities of alcohol during pregnancy, while the effects of moderate drinking, though linked with adverse fetal alcohol effects in many reports, are not yet clear. Studies have also shown that teratogenic effects of paternal drinking on newborns. Estimates of prevalence at birth of FAS range from 1.9 to 0.33 per 1,000 births, depending on race, population, socioeconomic status, etc. New hypotheses on the biochemical basis of ethanol-induced birth defects have been recently proposed, contributing to the understanding of alcohol teratogenicity. The following review focuses on major recent findings in this field and describes the current situation regarding FAS.
自1973年首次发现胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）以来，已经发表了许多描述酒精致畸作用的研究。具体而言，已有大量文献记载，酒精是一种致畸剂，会导致患有FAS的儿童出现大脑、颅面和肢体异常。这些儿童还被证明有很高的智力缺陷风险。致畸性仅在孕期大量饮酒的母亲的后代中观察到，而适度饮酒的影响，尽管在许多报告中与胎儿酒精不良影响有关，但尚不清楚。研究还表明父亲饮酒对新生儿有致畸作用。FAS的出生患病率估计为每1000例出生中有1.9至0.33例，具体取决于种族、人口、社会经济地位等。最近有人提出了关于乙醇诱导出生缺陷的生化基础的新假设，这有助于理解酒精致畸性。以下综述重点介绍了该领域最近的主要发现，并描述了FAS的现状。
