Hagan H, Des Jarlais D C, Purchase D, Friedman S R, Reid T, Bell T A
Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department, Washington.
Addiction. 1993 Dec;88(12):1691-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02044.x.
Although European and Australian studies of syringe exchange programs have reported safer injection among participants and no increase in drug use, the generalizability of these findings to the US is uncertain. We report on the operations and potential effectiveness of the longest-operating syringe exchange in the US and compare our results to studies of exchange programs outside the US. The sample of 204 study subjects reported no change in the frequency of injection, from 155 to 152 injections per month, and a decline in the frequency of unsafe injections, from 56 to 30 times per month, while participating in the program. In all studies, participants report reduction in unsafe injections, and no increase in illicit drug use. However, the comparison also suggests that a high proportion of Tacoma exchangers have higher initial rates of drug injection, unsafe injection and homelessness, all of which were associated with unsafe injection while using the exchange. These indicate a need for additional services but that the Tacoma program is no less effective than European and Australian programs.
尽管欧洲和澳大利亚对注射器交换项目的研究报告称，参与者的注射行为更安全，且吸毒情况没有增加，但这些研究结果在美国的普遍适用性尚不确定。我们报告了美国运营时间最长的注射器交换项目的运作情况和潜在效果，并将我们的结果与美国以外地区的交换项目研究进行比较。204名研究对象的样本显示，在参与该项目期间，每月注射频率从155次降至152次，无明显变化，但不安全注射频率从每月56次降至30次。在所有研究中，参与者都报告称不安全注射减少，非法药物使用没有增加。然而，比较结果还表明，塔科马市参与交换项目的人群中，很大一部分人最初的药物注射率、不安全注射率和无家可归率较高，而所有这些都与使用交换项目时的不安全注射有关。这些表明需要额外的服务，但塔科马市的项目效果并不亚于欧洲和澳大利亚的项目。
