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Increased access to unrestricted pharmacy sales of syringes in Seattle-King County, Washington: structural and individual-level changes, 1996 versus 2003.华盛顿州西雅图-金县增加无限制药房销售注射器的渠道：1996年与2003年的结构和个人层面变化
Am J Public Health. 2006 Aug;96(8):1347-53. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2003.032698. Epub 2006 Jun 29.
2
Self-reported participation in voluntary nonprescription syringe sales in California's Central Valley.在加利福尼亚州中央谷地，关于自愿参与非处方注射器销售的自我报告。
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2017 Nov-Dec;57(6):677-685. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2017.06.017. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
3
New York City pharmacists' attitudes toward sale of needles/syringes to injection drug users before implementation of law expanding syringe access.在扩大注射器获取途径的法律实施之前，纽约市药剂师对向注射吸毒者出售针头/注射器的态度。
J Urban Health. 2000 Dec;77(4):781-93. doi: 10.1007/BF02344038.
4
Pharmacists' attitudes about pharmacy sale of needles/syringes and needle exchange programs in a city without needle/syringe prescription laws.在一个没有针头/注射器处方法律的城市中，药剂师对于药房销售针头/注射器及针头交换项目的态度。
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998;18 Suppl 1:S89-93. doi: 10.1097/00042560-199802001-00016.
5
New York State pharmacists' attitudes toward needle and syringe sales to injection drug users before implementation of syringe deregulation.纽约州药剂师在注射器管制放松实施前对向注射吸毒者销售针头和注射器的态度。
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Expanding access to sterile syringes through pharmacies: assessment of New York's Expanded Syringe Access Program.通过药房扩大无菌注射器的获取途径：对纽约扩大注射器获取计划的评估。
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Pharmacy access to syringes among injecting drug users: follow-up findings from Hartford, Connecticut.注射吸毒者获取注射器的药房途径：康涅狄格州哈特福德市的随访结果
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Access to syringes for HIV prevention for injection drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia: syringe purchase test study.俄罗斯圣彼得堡注射吸毒者预防 HIV 用注射器的获取：注射器购买测试研究。
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J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998;18 Suppl 1:S102-10. doi: 10.1097/00042560-199802001-00018.
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The role of policy in community pharmacies' response to injection-drug use: results of a nationwide Canadian survey.政策在社区药房应对注射吸毒问题中的作用：加拿大全国性调查结果
AIDS Public Policy J. 1996 Summer;11(2):78-88.

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7
Factors associated with obtaining sterile syringes from pharmacies among persons who inject drugs in 20 US cities.20 个美国城市中注射吸毒者从药店获得无菌注射器的相关因素。
Int J Drug Policy. 2018 Dec;62:51-58. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.08.019. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
8
Self-reported participation in voluntary nonprescription syringe sales in California's Central Valley.在加利福尼亚州中央谷地，关于自愿参与非处方注射器销售的自我报告。
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2017 Nov-Dec;57(6):677-685. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2017.06.017. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
9
Nonprescription naloxone and syringe sales in the midst of opioid overdose and hepatitis C virus epidemics: Massachusetts, 2015.2015年马萨诸塞州阿片类药物过量和丙型肝炎病毒流行期间的非处方纳洛酮和注射器销售情况
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2017 Mar-Apr;57(2S):S34-S44. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2016.12.077. Epub 2017 Feb 8.
10
Nonprescription syringe sales: a missed opportunity for HIV prevention in California.非处方注射器销售：加利福尼亚州预防艾滋病病毒的一个错失的机会。
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2015 Jan-Feb;55(1):31-40. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2015.14148.

本文引用的文献

1
A multistate trial of pharmacy syringe purchase.一项关于药店注射器购买的多州试验。
J Urban Health. 2004 Dec;81(4):661-70. doi: 10.1093/jurban/jth149.
2
HIV diagnoses among injection-drug users in states with HIV surveillance--25 states, 1994-2000.1994 - 2000年，25个设有艾滋病病毒监测的州中注射吸毒者的艾滋病病毒诊断情况。
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Jul 11;52(27):634-6.
3
Pharmacy syringe sale practices during the first year of expanded syringe availability in New York City (2001-2002).纽约市扩大注射器供应的第一年（2001 - 2002年）期间的药房注射器销售情况。
J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2002 Nov-Dec;42(6 Suppl 2):S83-7. doi: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.s83.finkelstein.
4
Pharmacist support for selling syringes without a prescription to injection drug users in Rhode Island.罗德岛药剂师支持向注射吸毒者无处方销售注射器。
J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2002 Nov-Dec;42(6 Suppl 2):S58-61. doi: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.s58.rich.
5
Pharmacist ambivalence about sale of syringes to injection drug users.药剂师对于向注射吸毒者出售注射器的矛盾态度。
J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2002 Nov-Dec;42(6 Suppl 2):S52-7. doi: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.s52.reich.
6
Pharmacists' attitudes and concerns regarding syringe sales to injection drug users in Denver, Colorado.科罗拉多州丹佛市药剂师对向注射吸毒者出售注射器的态度及担忧。
J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2002 Nov-Dec;42(6 Suppl 2):S46-51. doi: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.s46.lewis.
7
Individual and structural influences shaping pharmacists' decisions to sell syringes to injection drug users in Atlanta, Georgia.个体因素和结构因素对佐治亚州亚特兰大市药剂师向注射吸毒者出售注射器决策的影响。
J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2002 Nov-Dec;42(6 Suppl 2):S40-5. doi: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.s40.taussig.
8
Encouraging pharmacy sale and safe disposal of syringes in Seattle, Washington.在华盛顿州西雅图市鼓励药店销售注射器并安全处置注射器。
J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2002 Nov-Dec;42(6 Suppl 2):S26-7. doi: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.s26.marks.
9
Increasing legal and regulatory support for pharmacy syringe sales to injection drug users, Washington State, 1999-2002.1999 - 2002年，华盛顿州加强对向注射吸毒者销售药房注射器的法律和监管支持。
J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2002 Nov-Dec;42(6 Suppl 2):S23-4. doi: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.s23.williams.
10
The legality of selling or giving syringes to injection drug users.向注射吸毒者出售或提供注射器的合法性。
J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2002 Nov-Dec;42(6 Suppl 2):S13-8. doi: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.s13.burris.

华盛顿州西雅图-金县增加无限制药房销售注射器的渠道：1996年与2003年的结构和个人层面变化

Increased access to unrestricted pharmacy sales of syringes in Seattle-King County, Washington: structural and individual-level changes, 1996 versus 2003.

作者信息

Deibert Ryan J, Goldbaum Gary, Parker Theodore R, Hagan Holly, Marks Robert, Hanrahan Michael, Thiede Hanne

机构信息

Health Services Department, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.

出版信息

Am J Public Health. 2006 Aug;96(8):1347-53. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2003.032698. Epub 2006 Jun 29.

DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2003.032698
PMID:16809607
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1522120/
Abstract

We examined pharmacists' attitudes and practices related to syringe sales to injection drug users before and after legal reform and local programming to enhance sterile syringe access. We replicated a 1996 study by conducting pharmacist phone surveys and syringe test-buys in randomly selected pharmacies. Test-buy success increased from 48% in 1996 to 65% in 2003 (P=.04). Pharmacists agreeing that syringes should be available to injection drug users through pharmacy purchase increased from 49% to 71% (P<.01). Pharmacy policies and pharmacist attitudes were strongly associated with syringe access. Structural changes, including policy reform and pharmacy outreach, appear to increase syringe access. Interventions should address pharmacy policies and pharmacist attitudes and policies.

摘要

我们研究了法律改革和地方项目实施前后药剂师在向注射吸毒者销售注射器方面的态度和做法，这些项目旨在增加无菌注射器的可及性。我们通过对药剂师进行电话调查以及在随机选择的药店进行注射器测试购买，复制了1996年的一项研究。测试购买成功率从1996年的48%提高到了2003年的65%（P = .04）。同意应通过药店购买向注射吸毒者提供注射器的药剂师比例从49%增至71%（P < .01）。药店政策和药剂师态度与注射器可及性密切相关。包括政策改革和药店推广在内的结构性变化似乎增加了注射器的可及性。干预措施应针对药店政策、药剂师态度和政策。