Brady M T
College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus.
J Clin Pharmacol. 1994 Jan;34(1):17-29. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb03961.x.
Providing care to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. This review will address the current status of supportive care, treatment of HIV-associated complications and specific antiretroviral therapy. HIV affects multiple locations in the body resulting in a myriad of possible complications. These include opportunistic infections and malignancies secondary to immunodeficiency and central nervous system or other specific organ-related disease secondary to direct HIV involvement. Recent scientific advances have markedly enhanced the quantity and quality of life of HIV-infected children. Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the single most important therapeutic advance for the HIV-infected patient. Other advances for the treatment and prevention of HIV-related infections should similarly improve survival and reduce hospital stays. Antiretroviral therapy is relatively new. The currently available nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors have proven efficacy. The role of single agents or combinations is being established. However, this group of antivirals has limitations that make alternate approaches essential. Augmentation of the patient's immune response will likely be a key to any future successful treatment regimen.
为感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的儿童提供护理需要采取全面的多学科方法。本综述将探讨支持性护理的现状、HIV相关并发症的治疗以及特定的抗逆转录病毒疗法。HIV会影响身体的多个部位，从而导致无数可能的并发症。这些并发症包括免疫缺陷继发的机会性感染和恶性肿瘤，以及HIV直接感染继发的中枢神经系统或其他特定器官相关疾病。最近的科学进展显著提高了感染HIV儿童的生活质量和数量。卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的预防是HIV感染患者最重要的治疗进展。治疗和预防HIV相关感染的其他进展同样应能提高生存率并减少住院时间。抗逆转录病毒疗法相对较新。目前可用的核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂已被证明有效。单一药物或联合用药的作用正在确立。然而，这类抗病毒药物存在局限性，这使得采用替代方法至关重要。增强患者的免疫反应可能是未来任何成功治疗方案的关键。
