Gans M, Audit C, Masson M
Genetics. 1975 Dec;81(4):683-704. doi: 10.1093/genetics/81.4.683.
The purpose of the experiments described was to identify X chromosome genes functioning mainly or exclusively during oogenesis. Two mutagenesis experiments were carried out with ethyl methane sulfonate. Following treatment inducing 60% lethals, 9% of the treated X chromosomes carried a female sterility mutation which did not otherwise seriously affect viability. Among--95 isolated mutants, 19 were heat-sensitive and 5 cold-sensitive. The mutants have been classified as follows: I (16 mutants; 12 complementation groups): the females laid few or no eggs; the defect concerned either ovulation or oogenesis. II (37 mutants; 18 complementation groups): the female laid morphologically abnormal eggs, often with increased membrane permeability. III A (13 mutants; at least 8 complementation groups): the homozygous females were sterile if mated to mutant males; their progeny (homo- and hemizygous) died at a late embryonic stage (11 mutants), at the larval stage (1 mutant) or at the pupal stage (1 mutant). However fertility was partly restored by breeding to wild-type males as shown by survival of some heterozygous descendants. III B (29 mutants; 22 complementation groups): the fertility of the females was not restored by breeding to a wild-type male. Most of the eggs of 13 of the mutants died at a late stage of embryogenesis. The eggs of the others ceased development earlier or, perhaps, remained unfertilized. The distribution of the number of mutants per complementation group led to an estimation of a total of about 150 X-linked genes involved in female fertility. The females of three mutants, heat-sensitive and totally sterile at 29 degrees, produced at a lower temperature descendants morphologically abnormal or deprived of germ cells. Three other mutants not described in detail showed a reduction in female fertility with many descendants lacking germ cells. A desirable mutant which was not recovered was one with normal fertile females producing descendants which, regardless of their genotype, bore specific morphological abnormalities. The value of the mutants isolated for analysis of the complex processes leading to egg formation and initiation of development is discussed.
上述实验的目的是鉴定主要或仅在卵子发生过程中起作用的X染色体基因。用甲磺酸乙酯进行了两个诱变实验。在诱导60%致死率的处理后，9%经处理的X染色体携带了雌性不育突变，该突变在其他方面不会严重影响活力。在95个分离出的突变体中，19个对热敏感，5个对冷敏感。这些突变体已被分类如下：I（16个突变体；12个互补群）：雌性产卵很少或不产卵；缺陷涉及排卵或卵子发生。II（37个突变体；18个互补群）：雌性产下形态异常的卵，其膜通透性通常增加。III A（13个突变体；至少8个互补群）：纯合雌性与突变雄性交配时不育；它们的后代（纯合和半合子）在胚胎后期（11个突变体）、幼虫期（1个突变体）或蛹期（1个突变体）死亡。然而，通过与野生型雄性杂交，生育力部分恢复，一些杂合后代的存活证明了这一点。III B（29个突变体；22个互补群）：雌性与野生型雄性杂交后生育力未恢复。13个突变体中的大多数卵在胚胎发育后期死亡。其他突变体的卵更早停止发育，或者可能仍未受精。每个互补群中突变体数量的分布导致估计共有约150个与雌性生育力相关的X连锁基因。三个对热敏感且在29摄氏度时完全不育的突变体的雌性在较低温度下产生形态异常或缺乏生殖细胞的后代。另外三个未详细描述的突变体显示雌性生育力下降，许多后代缺乏生殖细胞。讨论了为分析导致卵子形成和发育起始的复杂过程而分离出的突变体的价值。
